Organic molecules nomenclature part 2

Question 1

The first 4 alkanes are

Answer 1

C1- Methane
C2- Ethane
C3- Propane
C4- Butane

Question 2

Alkenes

Answer 2

• Aliphatic-unsaturated
• Formula-CnH2n
• C Double bonds with C- stronger and shorter bond, above and below the plane
• Trigonal shape around the C
• no rotation
• more reactive than alkanes
• Polyunsaturated = many double bonds

Question 3

Sigma bond=weird loop

Answer 3

Single bond and along axis

Question 4

Pi bond=pi symbol

Answer 4

Double/triple bond and above and below the plan of the axis

Question 5

Petroleum fraction to major uses

C15-C25

Answer 5

Diesel Fuel, heating oil, lubricating oil

Question 6

Petroleum fraction to major uses

>C25

Answer 6

Asphalt

Question 7

Characteristics of small molecules

Answer 7

Low boiling point
Very volatile
flows easily
Ignites easily

Question 8

Characteristics of large molecules

Answer 8

High boiling point
Not very volatile
Doesn’t flow easily
Doesn’t ignite easily

Question 9

Isomer

Answer 9

Same chemical formula, but different chemical structure

Question 10

Alkynes

Answer 10

• Aliphatic-unsaturated
• formula- CnH2n-2
• C triple bonded to C
• Linear shape
• no rotation
• more reactive than Alkenes

Question 11

Functional groups

Answer 11

• In many organic compounds C-H are replaced by bonds to other atoms
• substituted atoms or groups of atoms are called functional groups, they generally determine the chemical reactions an organic molecules will undergo

Question 12

Alcohols

Answer 12

• have an OH group in place of H

* Common reactions include substitution for OH Elimination, oxidation

Question 13

Naming Alcohols

Answer 13

Select the longest chain of carbon atoms containing -OH group