Organic Chem Test Part 1

Question 1

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 1

-Looks like acid base reaction (but alcohol is not really a base)
-Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol -> Ester + Water
(RCOOH + ROH -> RCOOR’ + H2O)
- Acid gives H and Alcohol gives OH to to produce water
- Acid gives OH and Alcohol gives H (Needs a Catalyst- sulfuric Acid)(Fisher Esterification)

Question 2

Preparation of Ester Lab Results

Answer 2

-Concentrated Sulfuric Acid is catalyst in the reaction
-The reactants had unpleasant odors: alcohol had “mediciny” smell, acetic acid is vinegar, salicylic acid was a solid but once it dissolved it had a bitter smell
-The products had a pleasant smell
>Isopentyl alcohol plus acetic acid - banana smell
>Ethyl alcohol plus acetic acid - sweet (but not a good sweet)
>Methyl Alcohol plus salicylic acid - peppermint smell
-Natural smell was better because the synthetic smell was to strong

Question 3

Practical Uses Lab connection

Answer 3

Pharmaceuticals (synthesis aspirin)
Flavor Chemistry (preparation of Esters)
Hygiene (Saponification)
Biochemistry (brominates fats

Question 4

Practical Uses materials that ass to the comfort, health, or the convenience of human beings are composed of organic compounds

Answer 4

• clothing of cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fibers
• common fuels: wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, butane, propane, octane, gasoline, diesel/jet fuel, asphalt
• components of protective coatings: including varnishes, paints, lacquers, and enamels
• antibiotics and synthetic drugs
• natural and synthetic rubber
• dyes
• plastics

Question 5

Common compounds for Alkanes (fuels)

Answer 5

Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane, etc.

Question 6

Common Compounds for Alkenes

Answer 6

Ethylene (ethene - to make polyethylene for sandwich bags), Propylene (propene - to make propylene for milk jugs

Question 7

Common compounds for Alkynes

Answer 7

Acetylene

Question 8

Common compounds for Aromatics

Answer 8

Benzene, Toluene, Styrene, Naphthalene

Question 9

Common compounds for Alcohols

Answer 9

Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

Question 10

Common Compounds for Ketone

Answer 10

Acetone (nail polish remover

Question 11

Esters

Answer 11

have the characteristic of pleasant odor (used in artificial flavoring and perfumes)

Question 12

Common compounds for esters

Answer 12

Methyl salicylate (wintergreen)
Benzyl acetate (strawberry)
Butyl proponate (pear)
Ethyl pentanoate (Apple)

Question 13

Common compounds for carboxylic acids

Answer 13

Formic acid (methanol like acid – bee sting)
Vinegar (Ethanoic acid)
Salicylic acid (aspirin)

Question 14

Common compound names for Amines

Answer 14

Serotonin, adrenaline, histamin

Morphine

Question 15

Common Compounds for Amide

Answer 15

Amino Acids, nylon