Christian study guide

Question 1

reduction

Answer 1

the gain of electrons making that side of the equation more negative

Question 2

oxidation

Answer 2

the loss of electrons making that side of the equation more positve

Question 3

Battery parts

Answer 3

1. ) anode- the place where the reaction starts and electrons are lost making an oxidation reaction
2. ) cathode- from the load, electrons go to here and are gained creating a reduction reaction
3. ) salt bridge- separates the cathode and anode, contains electrolytes, prevents build up of excess charges at the electrodes

Question 4

S C lab

Series, positives, and negatives

Answer 4

• one path for electrons to travel (1 Xmas bulb goes out, all go out)
• Positive- safer, less current, costs less to make, easily turned off
• negative- one goes out then they all go out, more loads lowers current extremely

Question 5

S C

Parallel, Positive, and Negative

Answer 5

• multiple pathways for the current to travel
• positive- one bulb goes out nothing happens to others ( One goes out, that is the only one that fails, better for Xmas
• negative- more current drained from power source, could blow fuse, reduces battery life

Question 6

how are current and resistance related

Answer 6

inversely

Question 7

Electroplating lab

Electroplating def

Answer 7

• a process of disposing a thin layer of fine and superior metal to a cheaper metal in order to look better, reduce corrosion, or to reduce rust or wear

Question 8

3 things to remember while electroplating

Answer 8

1. ) roughen surface to improve adhesion
2. ) Anode (acting as a cathode) you use to plate, must already be in electrolytic bath(replenishing)
3. ) object must be the anode so it can be reduced

Question 9

Electroplating lab parts

Answer 9

• copper sulfate electrolytic bath(reduced and replenished)
• copper sheet (connected to the cathode (acts as the anode) or positive end of battery to be oxidized
• Spoon( connected to anode(acts as cathode) or negative end to be reduced

Question 10

what will eventually happen to the cathode in the electroplating lab

Answer 10

ultimately the cathode(copper sheet acting as the anode)(being oxidized) will run out

Question 11

What is ECM

Answer 11

Electrochemical Machining

Question 12

What is ECM used for

Answer 12

• better detailed parts

- reverse of electroplating

Question 13

Gold Rush Lab

things needed for reaction

Answer 13

• sodium chloride
• vinegar
• zinc chloride solution(to coat penny in silver)
• zinc (to coat penny silver
• Hot plate (turn silver into gold)

Question 14

Silver color

Answer 14

after in ZnCl2, it is in gamma from of brass alloy (45% Zinc content

Question 15

Gold color

Answer 15

after heated, it is the alpha form of Brass Alloy (35% Zinc Content)

Question 16

what happens to the zinc in the gold rush lab

Answer 16

zinc migrates through metal

Question 17

Silver mirror lab

materials

Answer 17

• ammonium nitrate solution
• silver nitrate solution
• sodium hydroxide
• Dextroxide
• Distilled water(to clean)

Question 18

Steps in Silver Mirror Award lab

Answer 18

1. ) mix Ammonium Nitrate solution and Silver nitrate solution, then add dextroxide and quickly add sodium hydroxide
2. ) put stopper on then shake until a silver mirror-like formation appears on the walls

Question 19

Silver Mirror Award Lab

process

Answer 19

1. ) clean with acetone
2. ) now steps
3. ) body heat from head while shaking
4. ) apply mirroring silver solution Ag not Ag+1
5. ) remove excess chemicals by pouring and rinsing with distilled water
6. ) prevent oxidation with a rubber stopper/could coat with clear nail polish

Question 20

Silver Mirror Award Lab

Industrial Process

Answer 20

1. ) clean with deionized water and cerium oxide
2. ) improve adhesion by heating glass from 80-90 degreesand apply a thin layer of tin
3. ) heat glass from 90-150 degrees
4. ) apply mirroring silver solution Ag not Ag+1
5. ) move excess chemicals via pressurized air and deionized water
6. ) prevent oxidation of Ag by applying Cu solution and painting backside of mirror

Question 21

what happens when silver is reduced

Answer 21

you could see the solution does color and eventually dispose or glass wall

Question 22

Potato Clack Lab

2 meatls

Answer 22

• Zn- voltage (-.76)
• more reactive because lower voltage
• dissolves in electrolyte so Zn loses electrons- becomes negative terminal because electrons build up on Zn electrode

*Cu- voltage (.34)
-loses electrons to H+1 in electrolyte to produce hydrogen gas, becomes positive terminal
-potential difference is (1.1)
^more cells add voltage

Question 23

Electrolyte of Potato lab

Answer 23

• Potato “juice” aqueous solution

- lemon- citric acid- H+1

Question 24

10 things that use electroplating

Answer 24

1. ) manufacture mirrors- play with silver
2. ) jewelry and watch cases- silver or gold plated
3. ) silverware- silver plating
4. ) machinery- strengthen flexible materials like steel using (chromium, nickel, copper)
5. ) steel cans- plated with tin for better storage
6. ) truck bumpers- strengthen flexible materials like steel using (chromium, nickel, copper)
7. ) Decorative hubcaps- chrome or nickel plating
8. ) appliances- decorative handles are nickel or chromium plated
9. ) Create alloy ESP brass- easier than mixing molten metals copper/zinc plating
10. ) Electronics- to carry color and/or for corrosion resistanec using nickel plating

Question 25

Electric cells

Answer 25

changes chemical energy into electric energy

Question 26

potential difference

Answer 26

subtract separate voltages

Question 27

electroless palting

Answer 27

- AKA chemical or auto catalytic plating - non galvanic type of plating - multiple simultaneous reactions in an aqueous solution - occur without the use of external electrical power

Question 28

electrochemisty

Answer 28

study of how electricity relates to chemical reactions