Organic Chem Test Part 2

Question 1

Micelle

Answer 1

Soap molecules that clump together

Question 2

Hydrophobic tail

Answer 2

• one part of the soap molecule
• non polar
• doesn’t like water

Question 3

Hydrophilic head

Answer 3

• one part of the soap molecule
• polar
• likes the water

Question 4

Polarity

Question 5

Industrial process of saponification

Question 6

Lab saponification process

Question 7

Difference between industrial and lab procedure of Aspirin

Answer 7

Industrial- they will boil the beaker

Lab we set it to 80 degrees

Question 8

The found active ingredient for the medicinal properties of many plants

Answer 8

Salicylic acid

Question 9

Esterification reaction

Answer 9

The phenolic (OH) group in the salicylic acid is replaced with an ester group (from the acetic anhydride); sulfuric acid catalyst

Question 10

Initial Iron (III) color

Answer 10

Apple juice color

Question 11

Aspirin: Salicylic acid

Answer 11

Solution turned deep purple

Question 12

Aspirin: Lab synthesized

Answer 12

Turned medium purple

Phenol source is probably unreacted salicylic acid reactant (source of error - washing crystals)

Question 13

Commercial Aspirin

Answer 13

Turned lighter purple(or didn’t change at all)
Phenol source is probably the age of the aspirin - as it ages the aspirin reacts with water in the air and reforms salicylic acid

Question 14

Petroleum separates into various _____ by _______

Answer 14

Fractions by distillation

Separation based on boiling point (physical not chemical)

Question 15

Petroleum diagram in order(top to bottom)

Answer 15

*Cool (25 degrees C)
~refinery gases- bottled gas
~Gasoline(petrol)- fuel for cars
~naphtha- making chemicals
~kerosene- aircraft fuel
~diesel fuel- fuel for cars, lorries, busses
~Fuel Oil- fuel for ships, power stations
`heated crude oil
~residue- bitumen for roads and roofs 
*hot (350 degrees C)

Question 16

Small molecules

Answer 16

Low boiling point
Very volatile
Flows easily
Ignites easily

Question 17

Large molecules

Answer 17

High boiling point
Not very volatile
Doesn’t flow easily
Doesn’t ignite easily

Question 18

C5-C12

Answer 18

Gasoline

Question 19

C10-C18

Answer 19

Kerosene/jet fuel

Question 20

C15-C25

Answer 20

Diesel fuel
Heating oil
Lubricating oil

Question 21

> C25

Answer 21

Asphalt

Question 22

Substituion

Answer 22

R+ halogen–>RHolgenR + HHalogen

Question 23

Triglyceride + alcohol—> fuel(methyl ester) +glycerol

Answer 23

Needs KOH

Question 24

Biodiesel technique used

Answer 24

Calorimetry

Question 25

Tools used in biodiesel

Answer 25

Separatory funnel and calorimeter

Question 26

Where was the fuel less dense

Answer 26

Top layer of the sep funnel

Question 27

Source of error in calorimetry

Heat gained/lost-where and how

Answer 27

Metal can absorb heat/flame distance from can/neven heating of water/poor insulation

Question 28

Saponification background

Answer 28

-soap is produce when a fat (or oil) is mixed and heated with sodium hydroxide; the fat is an organic molecule