Unit 1 Overall Flashcards
What is a stem cell?
An unspecialised cell which has to potential to self replicate or specialise
What is bioinformatics?
The comparison of sequence data using computer technology and statistical analysis
What is a codon?
A triplet of bases of the mRNA strand that code for an amino acid
What type of speciation is caused by a geographical barrier?
Allopatric
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What are the three temperature stages in PCR?
94
55
72
What are the three types of substitution mutations?
Missense
Nonsense
Splice site
Define ‘Natural Selection’
The non random increase in the frequency of genes that increase survival chances
Why is DNA Replication important?
Ensures each daughter cell has a full identical copy of parental DNA and no DNA is lost
What enzyme is responsible for the transcription phase in gene expression?
RNA Polymerase
What is the ‘genome’ of an organism?
Entire hereditary information encoded in its bases
State a positive control for PCR
Using a known sequence of DNA,with an expected result
Proves no contamination
Give an example of a research use for stem cells
Research into how stem cells differentiate
What selection pressure favours one extreme and is often present in changing environments?
Directional
What is a disadvantage of personalised medicine?
Due to complex nature of diseases, treatment is not guaranteed success
