2.5 Metabolism and Adverse Conditions Flashcards
What is the meaning of ‘adverse conditions’
Conditions that are beyond the tolerable limits for normal metabolic rate
What is dormancy?
Stage in an organism’s life-cycle where metabolic rate is decreased and the growth of the organism stops
What are the two types of dormancy?
Predictive
Consequential
What is predictive dormancy?
Where the organism is dormant before the environmental conditions arrive
What type of dormancy is it if the animal goes into dormancy as a result of the change to environmental conditions?
Consequential
What are the two examples of dormancy?
Hibernation
Aestivation
Describe ‘Hibernation’
Hibernation is predictive dormancy that avoids winter conditions and potential metabolic crisis by lowering energy expenditure
What are two ways in which energy expenditure can be lowered during hibernation?
Slowed breathing rate
Decreased Heart Rate
Give an example of an animal that hibernates
Dormouse, Hedgehog
Describe ‘Aestivation’
A state of inactivity during periods of high temperature or drought
Give an example of an animal that Aestivates
Lungfish, Crocodile
Give an example of an animal that takes part in daily torpor
Hummingbird
What is ‘Daily Torpor’?
Regular period of reduced activity for organisms with high metabolic rate
What is an advantage of daily torpor?
- Conserves Energy
If dormancy is a toleration technique, what is the other technique to survive adverse condtions
Avoidance
What is ‘Migration’
The avoidance of metabolic adversity by regularly moving over a long distance
Give some factors that might trigger migration
Photoperiod
Food Availability
Temperature
Give an example of an animal that migrates
Swallows
What are the two types of tracking techniques?
- Individual Marking
2. Radio/Satellite Transmitters
Migrating behaviour is a mix of what?
Innate and Learned Behaviour
What is an ‘Extremophile’
Organism that can thrive in conditions that would usually be lethal to others
What is the special feature of thermophilic bacteria?
Able to withstand and not be denatured by high temperatures
What is ‘Instinct’
Ability of an animal to perform a behaviour the first time it’s exposed to stimulus
Where can thermophilic bacteria be found?
Hot springs
Seabed Vents
How can thermophilic bacteria generate ATP?
Remove high energy electrons from inorganic molecules such as Sulphur
