2.5 Metabolism and Adverse Conditions

Question 1

What is the meaning of ‘adverse conditions’

Answer 1

Conditions that are beyond the tolerable limits for normal metabolic rate

Question 2

What is dormancy?

Answer 2

Stage in an organism’s life-cycle where metabolic rate is decreased and the growth of the organism stops

Question 3

What are the two types of dormancy?

Answer 3

Predictive

Consequential

Question 4

What is predictive dormancy?

Answer 4

Where the organism is dormant before the environmental conditions arrive

Question 5

What type of dormancy is it if the animal goes into dormancy as a result of the change to environmental conditions?

Answer 5

Consequential

Question 6

What are the two examples of dormancy?

Answer 6

Hibernation

Aestivation

Question 7

Describe ‘Hibernation’

Answer 7

Hibernation is predictive dormancy that avoids winter conditions and potential metabolic crisis by lowering energy expenditure

Question 8

What are two ways in which energy expenditure can be lowered during hibernation?

Answer 8

Slowed breathing rate

Decreased Heart Rate

Question 9

Give an example of an animal that hibernates

Answer 9

Dormouse, Hedgehog

Question 10

Describe ‘Aestivation’

Answer 10

A state of inactivity during periods of high temperature or drought

Question 11

Give an example of an animal that Aestivates

Answer 11

Lungfish, Crocodile

Question 12

Give an example of an animal that takes part in daily torpor

Answer 12

Hummingbird

Question 13

What is ‘Daily Torpor’?

Answer 13

Regular period of reduced activity for organisms with high metabolic rate

Question 14

What is an advantage of daily torpor?

Answer 14

• Conserves Energy

Question 15

If dormancy is a toleration technique, what is the other technique to survive adverse condtions

Answer 15

Avoidance

Question 16

What is ‘Migration’

Answer 16

The avoidance of metabolic adversity by regularly moving over a long distance

Question 17

Give some factors that might trigger migration

Answer 17

Photoperiod
Food Availability
Temperature

Question 18

Give an example of an animal that migrates

Answer 18

Swallows

Question 19

What are the two types of tracking techniques?

Answer 19

1. Individual Marking

2. Radio/Satellite Transmitters

Question 20

Migrating behaviour is a mix of what?

Answer 20

Innate and Learned Behaviour

Question 21

What is an ‘Extremophile’

Answer 21

Organism that can thrive in conditions that would usually be lethal to others

Question 22

What is the special feature of thermophilic bacteria?

Answer 22

Able to withstand and not be denatured by high temperatures

Question 23

What is ‘Instinct’

Answer 23

Ability of an animal to perform a behaviour the first time it’s exposed to stimulus

Question 24

Where can thermophilic bacteria be found?

Answer 24

Hot springs

Seabed Vents

Question 25

How can thermophilic bacteria generate ATP?

Answer 25

Remove high energy electrons from inorganic molecules such as Sulphur