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CfE Higher Biology > 3.1 Food Supply, Plant Growth and Productivity > Flashcards

3.1 Food Supply, Plant Growth and Productivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define <em>‘Food Security’</em>

A

The ability of a population to access food of sufficient quality and quantity

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2
Q

What are the three factors that influence food security?

A

Food Availability
Food Use
Food Access

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3
Q

Why is food security becoming harder to achieve?

A

Due to the increasing rate of population growth and lack of available land to grow food

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4
Q

What does food availability depend on?

A

Sustainable Agricultural Methods

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5
Q

What does ‘Sustainable’ mean in relation to plant growth

A

Sustainable - does not degrade the natural resources on which agriculture depends on

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6
Q

How can you increase crop production without expanding the area?

A

<ul>
<li>Grow High Yielding Cultivars</li>
<li>Applying nitrogen based fertilisers</li>
<li>Reducing pests/diseases</li></ul>

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7
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water —> Glucose + Oxygen

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8
Q

What are some factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Water Availability
Temperature
Light Availability

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9
Q

Why are plants produce more food per unit area than livestock?

A

Due to the energy loss at each tropic level

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10
Q

Why are livestock sometimes chosen over plant production in certain areas?

A

Chosen in areas unsuitable for plant growth due to ability to grow (eg. mountains)

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11
Q

What is the net assimilation of a plant?

A

Increase in dry mass due to photosynthesis - loss in dry mass due to respiration

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12
Q

Why is dry mass a more accurate measure of plant productivity?

A

Because it doesn’t contain water. Water levels are too varied and so will then make comparisons invalid.

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13
Q

What is plant productivity?

A

Rate at which light energy is converted to glucose in photosynthesis

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14
Q

How can the harvest index be calculated?

A

<u>Economic Yield</u>

Biological Yield

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15
Q

What is the biological yield of a plant?

A

Total increase in biomass

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16
Q

What is the economic yield of a plant?

A

Mass of desired product in a plant

17
Q

What are the two stages in photosynthesis?

A

Light Dependant Stage

Calvin Cycle

18
Q

Where does the light dependant stage take place?

A

Grana

19
Q

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

A

Stroma

20
Q

What are the three fates of light hitting a leaf?

A 
<ol>
<li>Absorbed</li>
<li>Reflected</li>
<li>Transmitted</li>
</ol>
21
Q

What is the main photosynthetic pigment?

A

Chlorophyll A

22
Q

What regions of the absorption spectrum does chlorophyll A absorb light from?

A

<span></span>

<div>
<span>Red</span>and
<div>Blue</div>regions</div>

</span>

23
Q

What are the two accessory pigments called?

A

Carotene and Xanthophyll

24
Q

State an advantage of having accessory pigments

A

Extend the absorption spectrum and pass energy to chlorophyll

25
Q

Which regions of the absorption spectrum do the carotenoids absorb?

A

Yellow and Green

26
Q

Define the ‘Absorption Spectrum’

A

Absorption spectrum shows which colours of light are absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments

27
Q

Define the ‘Action Spectrum’

A

Action Spectrum shows the efficiency of each colour of the absorbed light at driving photosynthesis

28
Q

How can pigments in a leaf be extracted?

A

Thin Layer Chromatography

29
Q

What is the role of light energy in the production of ATP?

A

Light energy excites the electrons and puts them in a high energy state

30
Q

Which co-enzyme is responsible for picking up hydrogen?

A

NADP

31
Q

What is the reduced state of NADP?

A

NADPH

32
Q

What two products of the light dependant stage enter the calvin cycle?

A

NADPH and ATP

33
Q

How many carbons in Glucose?

A

6 carbons

34
Q

How many carbons in carbon dioxide?

A

1 carbon

35
Q

How many carbons in 3 phosphoglycerate

A

3 carbons

36
Q

How many carbons in G3P?

A

3 carbons

37
Q

How many carbons in RuBP?

A

5 carbons

CfE Higher Biology (26 decks)

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