3.3 Crop Protection

Question 1

Identify the three main biotic factors that reduce crop productivity

Answer 1

Weeds
Pests
Diseases

Question 2

How do weeds have an effect on crops?

Answer 2

Reduce the yield of crops by increasing the amount of competition for crop

Question 3

How do pests have an effect on crops?

Answer 3

Cause damages to leaves, reducing photosynthesis potential

Question 4

How do diseases affect crops?

Answer 4

Plants metabolism is harmed by the pathogen

Question 5

What are the two types of weeds?

Answer 5

Annual and Perennial

Question 6

Describe the properties of an annual weed

Answer 6

<ul>
<li>Short Life-cycle</li>
<li>High number of seeds</li>
<li>Sexual Reproduction</li>
<li>Rapid Growth</li>
</ul>

Question 7

Describe the properties of a perennial weed

Answer 7

• Long lifecycle
• Vegetative Reproduction
• Storage Organs

Question 8

What is the function of storage organs in perennial plants?

Answer 8

To act as a store of energy ready to help growth if conditions are not ideal

Question 9

Give an example of an annual weed

Answer 9

Goosegrass

Knotweed

Question 10

Give an example of a perennial weed

Answer 10

Buttercup

Question 11

What are the three types of invertebrate pests for plants?

Answer 11

Molluscs
Insects
Nematode Worms

Question 12

What are the three types of disease causing agents?

Answer 12

Fungi
Bacteria
Virus

Question 13

How are plant diseases often carried?

Answer 13

Inverebrate Vectors

Question 14

Describe ‘Cultural Methods’ of crop protection

Answer 14

Cultural methods are the non chemical, traditional, preventive way of controlling a pest/disease/weeds

Question 15

Give an example of a cultural method of crop protection

Answer 15

Ploughing, Autumn Sowing, Crop Rotation

Question 16

What is an advantage of a selective herbicide?

Answer 16

Able to target broad leaved plants only, and will not have an effect on a narrow leaved plants

Question 17

What is an advantage of a systemic herbicide?

Answer 17

Will spread through whole plant, killing all parts of plant and preventing regeneration

Question 18

What type of herbicide would you recommend for a perennial weed?

Answer 18

Systemic, so it kills the storage organ, preventing regrowth

Question 19

What is ‘disease forecasting’

Answer 19

Predicting when diseases will arrive based on weather forecasts

Question 20

Why is protective application based on disease forecasting more efficient than applying once crop infected?

Answer 20

• Fungal Infections spread very rapidly and so preventive methods must be used to prevent the infection occurring, which is protective application

Question 21

What are the two types of pesticide?

Answer 21

Contact and Systemic

Question 22

Describe a contact fungicide

Answer 22

Sprayed <strong>on</strong> crop

Preventive

Question 23

Describe a systemic pesticide

Answer 23

A system pesticide is absorbed by plant which makes it poisonous to plants

Question 24

Describe a disadvantage of chemical protection of crops

Answer 24

Bioaccumulation
Persistent
Toxic to Wildlife

Question 25

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 25

The gradual build up of a toxin in a food-chain

Question 26

What is biological control?

Answer 26

Addition of natural predator, parasite or pathogen to control a pest population

Question 27

State a disadvantage of biological control

Answer 27

May become Invasive, out-competing native species and reducing biodiversity

Question 28

What is integrated pest management?

Answer 28

The combination of chemical and biological control to control a pest population

Question 29

What is an advantage of integrated pest management?

Answer 29

Reduces quantity of chemicals used

Question 30

Give an example of biological control

Answer 30

Parasitic wasps to control an aphid population