Unit 1: Must Know Vocab (ALL) Flashcards
Crops grown to be sold for a profit
Cash crop
Food crops
Cereal crop
The growing of stuff on plantations
Plantation Agriculture
The government controls trade in order to maintain a “favorable balance of trade”. Goal is to keep more silver and gold coming in than going out.
Mercantilism
When Britain tried to force colonies to only trade with Britain
Navigation acts
The war between britain and france that ended with britain winning at the cost of massive debts.
French and Indian war
Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Naviation Laws. (1688-1763)
Salutary Neglect
Britain said that Americans couldn’t cross over the Appalachian mountains
Proclamation of 1763
Required colonists to provide food and quarters for British troops. Colonists resented this act, believing that it infringed on their natural rights.
Quartering Act of 1765
Act that gave monopoly to British east india company for tea
Tea Act, 1773 (British East India Company)
Taxes on paper goods such as cards
Stamp Act of 1765
When americans threw tea into the sea as a form of protest against the tea act
Boston Tea Party, 1773
convention of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies that convened in Philidelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable acts. Delegates established the association which called for a complete boycott of British goods.
First continental congress 1774
Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the declaration of independence and managed the colonial war effort
Second continental congress 1775 - 1781
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution
Common Sense
formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by the Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements world wide.
Declaration of Independence
Fundamental rights that every person is born with, including life, liberty, and property
Natural Rights
The idea that people give up some of their rights to be governed. However, if the government doesn’t do its job, the people have the right to remove it.
Social contract
Legislative, judicial, executive branches
3 Branches of government
States set a due date in the future where al enslaved people would be free. (or a thing were slaves born after a certain date would be free)
Gradual emancipation
All slaves freed immediately, and slavery abolished outright.
Abolition
Release from slavery
Manumission
1 house system.
Unicameral
Two house system.
Bicameral
original governing document
Articles of Confederation
An armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures in 1786. Though quickly put down, the insurrection inspired fears of “mob rule” among leading Revolutionaries.
Shays’ Rebellion
The time of great instability between the end of the revolutionary war and the inauguration of George Washington.
Critical period
Name for the measure that reconciled the New jersy and Viginia Plans at the constitutional convention, giving states proportional representation in the house, and equal representation in the senate. The compromise broke the stalemate at the convention and paved the way for subsequent compromises over slavery and the Electoral college
Great Compromise
The meeting of 1787 to rewrite the articles of confederation. (was supposed to amend it but they ended up removing it entirely)
Constitutional Convention
Lower house + upper house of representatives.
Electoral College
3 out of 5 slaves would be counted as people for representation and taxation purposes.
3/5ths compromise
Slave trade couldn’t be banned before 1808
Slave trade clause
Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new Constitution would safe-guard people’s liberties.
Federalists
Opponents of the 1787 constitution, they cast the document as antidemocratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central goverment and feared encoachment of individuals’ liberties in the absence of a bill of right.
Anti Federalists
A type of government style where the government has more power.
Federalism
Where each branch holds the others accountable so no one branch is the most powerful.
checks and balances
3 branches of government
Separation of Powers
When the minority is in power
Tyranny of the minority
when the majority overrules and opressses the rest.
Tyranny of the Majority
Allows congress to employ means to help it do its duty
Necessary and Proper Clause
Philosophy that government has limited power.
Limited Government
Political theory of representative government based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue.
Republicanism
Popular term for the first 10 amendments to the US constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserved to the states all powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the constitution.
Bill of Rights
Religious and political freedom amendment.
1st Amendment
Right to bear arms amendment
2nd Amendment
Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people amendment
10th Amendment
Powers given to the congress explicitly.
Enumerated Powers
Powers not given to the government but to the states.
Reserved powers
Two parties - Federalists and democratic-republicans system
First party System
Democratic Republicans
Whiskey Rebellion 1794
