Unit 1: Must Know Vocab (ALL) Flashcards
Crops grown to be sold for a profit
Cash crop
Food crops
Cereal crop
The growing of stuff on plantations
Plantation Agriculture
The government controls trade in order to maintain a “favorable balance of trade”. Goal is to keep more silver and gold coming in than going out.
Mercantilism
When Britain tried to force colonies to only trade with Britain
Navigation acts
The war between britain and france that ended with britain winning at the cost of massive debts.
French and Indian war
Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Naviation Laws. (1688-1763)
Salutary Neglect
Britain said that Americans couldn’t cross over the Appalachian mountains
Proclamation of 1763
Required colonists to provide food and quarters for British troops. Colonists resented this act, believing that it infringed on their natural rights.
Quartering Act of 1765
Act that gave monopoly to British east india company for tea
Tea Act, 1773 (British East India Company)
Taxes on paper goods such as cards
Stamp Act of 1765
When americans threw tea into the sea as a form of protest against the tea act
Boston Tea Party, 1773
convention of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies that convened in Philidelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable acts. Delegates established the association which called for a complete boycott of British goods.
First continental congress 1774
Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the declaration of independence and managed the colonial war effort
Second continental congress 1775 - 1781
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution
Common Sense
formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by the Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements world wide.
Declaration of Independence
Fundamental rights that every person is born with, including life, liberty, and property
Natural Rights
The idea that people give up some of their rights to be governed. However, if the government doesn’t do its job, the people have the right to remove it.
Social contract
Legislative, judicial, executive branches
3 Branches of government
States set a due date in the future where al enslaved people would be free. (or a thing were slaves born after a certain date would be free)
Gradual emancipation
All slaves freed immediately, and slavery abolished outright.
Abolition
Release from slavery
Manumission
1 house system.
Unicameral
Two house system.
Bicameral
original governing document
Articles of Confederation
An armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures in 1786. Though quickly put down, the insurrection inspired fears of “mob rule” among leading Revolutionaries.
Shays’ Rebellion
The time of great instability between the end of the revolutionary war and the inauguration of George Washington.
Critical period
Name for the measure that reconciled the New jersy and Viginia Plans at the constitutional convention, giving states proportional representation in the house, and equal representation in the senate. The compromise broke the stalemate at the convention and paved the way for subsequent compromises over slavery and the Electoral college
Great Compromise
The meeting of 1787 to rewrite the articles of confederation. (was supposed to amend it but they ended up removing it entirely)
Constitutional Convention
Lower house + upper house of representatives.
Electoral College
3 out of 5 slaves would be counted as people for representation and taxation purposes.
3/5ths compromise
Slave trade couldn’t be banned before 1808
Slave trade clause
Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new Constitution would safe-guard people’s liberties.
Federalists
Opponents of the 1787 constitution, they cast the document as antidemocratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central goverment and feared encoachment of individuals’ liberties in the absence of a bill of right.
Anti Federalists
A type of government style where the government has more power.
Federalism
Where each branch holds the others accountable so no one branch is the most powerful.
checks and balances
3 branches of government
Separation of Powers
When the minority is in power
Tyranny of the minority
when the majority overrules and opressses the rest.
Tyranny of the Majority
Allows congress to employ means to help it do its duty
Necessary and Proper Clause
Philosophy that government has limited power.
Limited Government
Political theory of representative government based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue.
Republicanism
Popular term for the first 10 amendments to the US constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserved to the states all powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the constitution.
Bill of Rights
Religious and political freedom amendment.
1st Amendment
Right to bear arms amendment
2nd Amendment
Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people amendment
10th Amendment
Powers given to the congress explicitly.
Enumerated Powers
Powers not given to the government but to the states.
Reserved powers
Two parties - Federalists and democratic-republicans system
First party System
Democratic Republicans
Whiskey Rebellion 1794
Nullification
Limited Government
National Bank
A tax on foreign imports or exports
Tariff
Jay’s Treaty
Washington’s Farewell Address
Alien and Sedition Acts
The belief that the constitution should be interpretated narrowly, with the federal government limited to powers explicitly stated
Strict Constructionism
Loose Constructionism
Judicial Review
Supreme court case that established the principle of “judicial review” - the idea that the supreme court had the final authority to determine constitutionality
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Fought between Britain and the US largely over issues of trade impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America’s willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect from European powers.
War of 1812
Supreme court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the US by establishing that the state of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank
McCulloch VS Maryland (1819)
Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created 16 new federal judgeships (federal judgeship - federal position, office, or function of a judge) ensuring a federalist hold on the judiciary.
Judiciary Act of 1801
Acquisition of Louisiana territory from France. Purchase more than doubled the territory of the US, opening vast tracts for settlement.
Louisiana purchase
Implied powers
Franchise
Mass Democracy
Property qualifications
Universal male suffrage
Corrupt bargain of 1824
National Republicans→Whigs
Democrats
Whigs VS Democrats - Whigs led by John Quincy Adams, Democrats led by Jackson
Second Party System
Andrew Jackson
Bank War
Spoils System
American System
Missouri got added as a slave state whereas Maine got added as a free state.
Missouri Compromise
Mexican Cession
Compromise of 1850
Part of the compromise of 1850 which stated that the northern states had to cooperate with returning runaway slaves to owners. Anyone who harbored runaway slaves would be fined/imprisoned.
Fugitive Slave Act
Free Soil Party
A black man tries to sue government stating that since he had been in the
Dred Scott v Sanford
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Popular sovereignty
republican party
16th president
Abe lincoln
Confederate States of America
The Union
Border States (upper south)
New York Draft Riots
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional reconstruction
Freedman’s Bureau
Reconstructions Acts
13th amendment
14th amendment
15th amendment
Black Codes
Klu Klux Klan
Sharecropping
“Compromise” of 1877 or the Corrupt Bargain of 1877
Jim Crow Segregation
Plessy Vs Ferguson
Separate but Equal
Booker T washington
WEB Dubois
Populism (populist Party)
Gold standard
William Jenning Bryan
Bi Metalism
Omaha Platform
Credit Mobilier
Political Machines
National American Woman Suffrage Association
16 amendment
17th amendment
19th amendment
Clayton Antitrust Act
Sherman Antitrust Act
Pure food and Drug Act
Three Progressive Presidents (Thoedore Roosevelt, William Taft, Woodrow Wilson)
Laissez-Faire
