2.7-2.9 ✔️ Flashcards
When a plantation owner allows someone to “rent” the land in exchange for a share of the crop.
Sharecropping
When someone pays back a debt by working for the loaner
debt servitude/Peonage
when people in jail were “leased out” from jail places to do free labor.
Convict leasing
Laws that made it a crime to be poor, idle, dissolute, immoral, drunk, lewd, or suspicious
Vagrancy Laws
Laws passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks, particularly with respect to negotiating labor contracts. Increased Northerners’ criticisms of President Andrew Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policies.
Black codes
Created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support. Its achievements were uneven and depended largely on the quality of local administrators.
Freedmen’s bureau
The railroad connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts
Transcontinental Railroad
law in which the federal government distributed millions of acres of western lands to the state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges.
Morrill Land-grant Acts, 1862
provided Federal subsidies in land and loans for the construction of a transcontinental railroad across the United States.
Pacific Railway Act, 1862
Towns that rapidly expanded
Boom Towns
Slang term for US paper dollars
Greenbacks
provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land.
Homestead Act 1862
allowed steel to be produced without fuel, using the impurities of the iron to create the necessary heat.
Bessemer Converter
used to print characters on a piece of paper by depressing keys.
Typewriter
An invention used to light homes
Light bulb
An invention used to play sounds by a stylus and a disk
phonograph
An invention that sped up the textile industry by a lot
sewing machine
Used for long distance communication by voice
Telephone
A vehicle that runs on tracks laid on the street
Street Car
Tall buildings that were made because of the invention of stronger steel
Skyscraper (steel frame)
Invention used to keeep cattle in
Barbed wire
Madison vetos bill. Believed that the Constitution did not grant to the National Government the power to finance directly the construction of roads and canals.
Madison’s Veto of the Bonus Bill, 1817
Key players in the rise of big businesses and monopolies
Captains of Industry
Term used during gilded age to describe successful industrialists whose business practices were often considered ruthless or unethical.
Robber Barons
The process of increasing market shares or expanding by integrating at the same level of the supply chain within the same industry
Horizontal integration
When a company takes control of more parts of a supply chain, resulting in it covering more parts of it.
Vertical integration
formed when individual stockholders of companies gave up their stocks to it. It would then control multiple companies via stock ownership to gain advantages in the market.
trust
The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
Monopoly
The person who founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870
John D Rockefeller
The Scottish American industrialist who led the expansion of the steel industry in the late 19th century.
Andrew Carnegie
The person who built his wealth on railroads and shipping.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A company whose shares you can buy.
Publicly traded Companies
Founded the Bank Monopoly
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