Unit 1 - MSH Plant Requirements & Nitrogen Flashcards
What dispersal strategy / seed type will allow their seeds to REACH the pumice plain first?
wind-dispersal and small seeds
Why would small, wind-dispersed seeds be the first to REACH the pumice plain?
light and can travel far
Upon arrival, which type of seed will have the best chance of SURVIVAL?
large seeds with large cotyledons
Why would large seeds with large cotyledons have the best chance of SURVIVAL?
lots of stored energy to tap into early on
Although large seeds have a high chance of survival, a drawback is their ____ dispersal distance.
short
What were the 1st 3 candidates for reestablishment on MSH?
fireweed, pearly everlasting, lupine
What was the first to ESTABLISH in the MSH pumice plain?
lupine
What is the dispersal and seed type for pearly everlasting & fireweed?
both are wind-dispersed and have small seeds
What is the dispersal method and seed type for lupine?
ballistic and large
Which plant is being described:
-member of the pea family
-large seeds in pod
-legumes
-ballistic dispersal
lupines
What are 2 plausible hypothesis for the 1st to establish in MSH?
(1) Lupine were the first because they were the only ones able to survive in the volcanic ash soil.
(2) Pearly everlasting and fireweed weren’t the first to establish, not because they can’t survive there, but because they didn’t reach the interior of the pumice plain first.
How did scientists confirm the 1st hypothesis to be correct (lupines were only ones able to survive in tephra)?
scientists planted all three plants in tephra & lupine was only one to survive
If lupine’s were not the first seeds to REACH the pumice plain, why were they the first to establish?
they were the only ones that could survive intially
What are the structural elements and their forms that plants need?
Carbon - CO2
Hydrogen - H2O
Oxygen - O2
How do plants get Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?
C: from the air
H: from water in the soil
O: air & as a soil photosynthesis product (air in gaps of soil particles)
Are macronutrients needed in large or small quantities for plants?
large
What primary nutrients do plants need and in what form?
Nitrogen - NO3-, NH4+
Phosphorus - H2PO4-, HPO4(2-)
Potassium - K+
Are micronutrients need in large or small quantities for plants?
small
What are some examples of macronutrient structures?
nucleic acids
amino acids
What is an example of micronutrient structure?
coenzymes
How do plants get their primary nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium)?
through the soil with intake through their roots (in fertilizer)
What do plants need N for?
green foliage
What do plants need P for?
roots & blooms
What do plants need K for?
overall plant health
What do plants need Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen for?
(1) cellulose - wood & stems
(2) glucose metabolism - cellular respiration
What group of elements are carbohydrates/sugars?
C, H, and O
What do plants need N for?
(1) DNA - nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)
(2) proteins (including enzymes)
What do plants need P for?
DNA - phosphate backbone
What are 2 important micronutrients that are essential for plants?
magnesium & chlorophyll
What are 4 things vital to plants?
(1) water
(2) C & O carbohydrates
(3) nutrients
(4) N-proteins
What was a major difference between the MSH tephra composition compared to the control?
ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) levels were MUCH lower
What have scientist been trying to use to predict protein structure, which is ultimately based on DNA?
Al