Unit 1 - Lesson 5: Plant Cells And Tissues Flashcards
What is the primary function of vascular tissue?
Transport substances throughout the plant
Vascular tissue is essential for the movement of water, nutrients, and other substances.
What type of cells make up xylem?
Dead cells
Xylem is composed of tracheids and vessel elements.
What does xylem transport?
Water and minerals
Xylem primarily transports these substances from roots to leaves.
In which direction does xylem transport substances?
From roots to leaves (up)
This upward movement is crucial for plant hydration and nutrient distribution.
What are the two main components of xylem?
- Tracheids
- Vessel elements
Tracheids are long, tapered cells while vessel elements are cylindrical and arranged end to end.
What type of cells make up phloem?
Living cells
Phloem consists of sieve tube elements and companion cells.
What does phloem transport?
Nutrients
Phloem is responsible for distributing organic nutrients throughout the plant.
What are the two main components of phloem?
- Sieve tube elements
- Companion cells
Sieve tube elements lack nuclei, while companion cells have a nucleus.
What is a tracheid?
A type of dead cell in xylem that transports water
Tracheids allow fluids to pass through via pores known as pits.
What is a vessel element?
A long, cylindrical cell in xylem that forms continuous tubes
Vessel elements are arranged end to end to facilitate water transport.
What is the function of companion cells?
Maintain the life functions of sieve tube elements
Companion cells are essential for the operation of phloem.
What are lateral meristems?
Areas of rapidly dividing cells that contribute to secondary growth
They are responsible for the increase in circumference of roots and stems.
What is primary growth?
Growth that makes stems and roots longer
This type of growth occurs due to cell division in the apical meristem.
What are intercalary meristems?
Tissues along stems and leaf blades that produce new cells
They are crucial for regrowth in plants like grass after mowing.
What is secondary growth?
Increase in circumference of roots and stems
This growth occurs from lateral meristems and adds vascular tissue.
What is the vascular cambium?
A thin layer of tissue that produces new vascular tissue
It is essential for secondary growth in plants.
What does the cork cambium produce?
Protective layers on the outside of stems and roots
The cork cambium contributes to the plant’s defense against environmental factors.
What are stoma?
Pores in leaves that open for gas exchange.
Stoma are crucial for the survival of plants as they regulate gas exchange.
What is dermal tissue?
The outer covering of a plant.
It serves as a protective barrier and is involved in gas exchange.
What is the function of guard cells?
Surround the stoma and control the opening and closing of stomata.
They help regulate water loss and gas exchange.
What are trichomes?
Tiny growths on the surface of epidermis on stems/leaves.
They can produce sticky or toxic substances to repel herbivores.
What are root hair cells?
Small extensions of individual cells on roots that increase surface area for water/nutrient absorption.
They are essential for efficient nutrient uptake.
What are epidermal cells?
The most common cell in the epidermis, tightly packed with a cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, and cell membrane.
These cells lack chloroplasts (except guard cells) and form the outer layer of primary plant organs.
What is ground tissue?
Forms most of the internal and external material of a plant.
It functions in photosynthesis, storage, and support.
What are the functions of parenchyma cells?
Storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange, protection.
They are flexible, thin-walled cells that make up most of the plant’s structure.
What are collenchyma cells?
Cells with unevenly thickened cell walls that provide support and flexibility.
They allow plants to bend without breaking.
What are sclerenchyma cells?
Elongated cells with thick cell walls containing lignin, providing tough support.
These cells die after maturity and lack living components.
What are sclereids?
Short, irregularly shaped cells that provide a gritty texture in plants.
They are a type of sclerenchyma cell.
What are fibers in sclerenchyma cells?
Needle-shaped cells with thick walls that form tough, elastic tissue.
They provide structural support without breaking.
Fill in the blank: The cuticle is a _______ on the surface of leaves.
waxy layer
True or False: All epidermal cells contain chloroplasts.
False
