Unit 1 - Lesson 4: The Classification Of Plants Flashcards
What type of plants are Bryophyta?
Non-vascular plants
Bryophyta includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
How do Bryophyta survive cold or dry periods?
By holding water like a sponge
What structures do Bryophyta use instead of roots?
Rhizoids
What are the two forms in the life cycle of Bryophyta?
Gametophyte and sporophyte
Which form is longer-lasting in Bryophyta?
Gametophyte
What benefits do Bryophyta provide to ecosystems?
Nutrient cycling and other benefits
What potential use do Bryophyta have in medicine?
Source for pharmaceuticals
What type of plants are Pteridophyta?
Seedless vascular plants
Which stage of the life cycle is dominant in Pteridophyta?
Sporophyte
What do vascular tissues in Pteridophyta allow them to do?
Grow taller
How long do gametophytes of Pteridophyta typically live?
Only short periods of time
Where are Pteridophyta often found?
On the forest floors of Canada’s temperate forests
How are spores produced in Pteridophyta?
By meiosis
How are gametes produced in Pteridophyta?
By mitosis
What are some examples of Pteridophyta?
- Whisk ferns
- Club mosses
- Horsetails
- Ferns
What type of plants are Gymnosperms?
Seed-producing vascular plants
Where are seeds located in Gymnosperms?
Exposed on the surface of cone scales
What types of plants are included in Gymnosperms?
- Conifers
- Cycadophytes
- Ginkgophytes
How do Gymnosperms transport sperm nuclei?
Using pollen grains and the wind
What happens when sperm nuclei are released on female cones in Gymnosperms?
The eggs are fertilized
What are some examples of Gymnosperms?
- Pine tree
- Fir trees
- Spruce tree
- Redwood tree
What are angiosperms?
Seed producing vascular plants that reproduce using flowers and have seeds in a fruit.
Angiosperms make up 90% of all plants, with about 250,000 species.
What percentage of all plants do angiosperms make up?
90%
This includes approximately 250,000 species.
How do many angiosperms reproduce?
Using small non-colourful flowers that rely on wind for pollen transport.
This is similar to the reproduction method of conifers.
What attracts animal pollinators to some angiosperms?
Big and vibrant flowers with exotic patterns, food rewards, and odours.
These features encourage animal pollination.
What are the male and female parts of an angiosperm flower?
Male parts are called stamen and female parts are called pistil.
How do fruits aid in seed dispersal?
Fruits disperse seeds when they are eaten by animals and excreted elsewhere or by burs sticking to fur.
This method facilitates the distribution of seeds.
What is a cotyledon?
A structure in the embryo that nourishes the plant in its early stages.
How many cotyledons do monocots have?
One cotyledon.
Describe the vascular tissue arrangement in the roots of monocots.
Arranged in a ring.
How are vascular bundles arranged in the stem of monocots?
Scattered throughout the ground tissue.
How do leaf veins run in monocots?
Parallel to each other along the length of the leaf.
How many parts do monocot flowers typically have?
3 parts or multiples of 3.
What type of root system do monocots typically have?
Fibrous root system.
Give two examples of monocots.
- Orchid
- Asparagus
- Banana tree
- Lily
How many cotyledons do dicots have?
Two cotyledons.
Describe the vascular tissue arrangement in the roots of dicots.
Arranged in an X or star shape.
How are vascular bundles arranged in the stem of dicots?
Arranged in a distinct ring.
How do leaf veins run in dicots?
Palmate or pinnate.
How many parts do dicot flowers typically have?
4 or 5 parts or multiples of 4 or 5.
What type of growth allows dicots to have wood?
Secondary growth.
What type of root system do dicots typically have?
Taproot root system.
Give two examples of dicots.
- Olive tree
- Cactus
- Coffee
- Strawberry
- Rose
