unit 1 KA8 - genomic sequencing Flashcards
what can be determined through genomic sequencing
the sequence of nucleotide bases for individual genes and entire genomes
what can be used to identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes
computer programmes
what is meant by bioinformatics
comparing sequence date, computer and statistical analysis
what does comparison of genomes reveal
that many genes are highly conserved across different organisms
what are examples of genomes that have been sequenced
- disease causing organisms
- pest species
- species that are important model organisms for research
what is phylogenetics
the study of evolutionary history and relationships
what are molecular clocks
they are used to show when species diverged during evolution
how can the sequence of events be determined
- sequence date
- fossil evidence
what is sequence divergence used to estimate
the time since lineages diverged
what are the three domains of life
bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes
what is the main sequence of events in evolution of life
- cells
- last universal ancestor
- prokaryotes
- photosynthetic organisms
- eukaryotes
- multicellular life
- animals
- vertebrates
- land plants
what do molecular clocks assume
constant mutation rate
what do the differences in sequence date indicate
the time of divergence from a common ancestor
what can an individual’s genome be analysed to predict and select
predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases and select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease (personalized medicine)
what is pharmacogenetics
the use of genome information in the choice of drugs
