Unit 1 - Gentiurinary

Question 1

Assess GU

Answer 1

Meds: NSAIDS, opioids, antibiotics, diuretics
PMH: drugs, hx of UTIs, viruses, comorbitites, prev pregnancy
Assess:
-Urine: color, frequency (recent change), smell
-abd px, flank pain
-incontinence
-diet
-discomfort before, during, after urination

Question 2

Define elimination

Answer 2

Elimination for waste from body.

Question 3

Organs of the Gentiourinary System

Answer 3

-Kidneys
-Ureters
-Bladder

Question 4

Nephron anatomy

Answer 4

Glomerulus –> Bowman’s capsule –> PCT –> DCT –> last thingy –> ureter

Question 5

Meds for Gentiurinary

Answer 5

-Antibiotics
Sulfamethoxazole
Cipro, levoflaxin
Cephalexin
Ceftraxione
-Opioid agonist: for BPH?
-Diuretics:
loop: furosemide/Lasix, bumtemide
k sparing: spirolactone/Aldactone
thiazide:
-Anticholinergics/antispasmotics
tolterodine (tx of urge incont., overactive bladder, UTI)
-Analgesics
aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc

Question 6

Meds CONTRAINDICATED for GU

Answer 6

-Antibiotics
-NSAIDs
-Narotics: urinary retention
-Ibuprofen

Question 7

Types of incontinence

Answer 7

Stress: physical stress
Urge: neurological issues
Functional: physically cannot make it to bathroom Ex. Elderly
Reflex: not sure
Transient: underlying cause
Overactive
Mixed: combo of urge and stress incontinence

Question 8

Diseases of Gentiurinary

Answer 8

-CA
-BPH
-UTI

Question 9

Diseases of Bladder

Answer 9

-CA
-UTI
-Urolithiasis
-BPH

Question 10

Diseases of Kidney

Answer 10

-Pyelonephritis
-Hydronephritis
-Diabetic nephrotoxity
-Trauma
-Renal CA

Question 11

At risk population

Answer 11

-Pregnancy
-Age: elderly, children
-Trauma
-Gender ~Female UTI
-Older men ~BPH

Question 12

Urinary rtention

Answer 12

L -
A - if external or internal sphincter
T -
T -
E -

Question 13

Pyelonephritis

Answer 13

Etiology: infection backs up into kidneys.

Question 14

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Answer 14

L- Older male, DM
A - pain, discomfort, meds
T - bladder scan
T - urinary antispasmodics ex. Tamsulin
E

Question 15

Acute Kidney Injuurt

Answer 15

L- ALOC
A -
trauma ~ blood loss, burns
medications ~furosemide, antibiotics, nsaids, chemo.
T -
-BUN and Cr: rapid drop
-MAP goal of 65-70
T - encourage fluids, stop nephrotoxic meds
E

Question 16

Chronic Kidney Failure

Answer 16

L- jaundice, making them itchy. Yellow sclera. Ascites. ALOC.
A - BP r/t HTN.
T -
Labs:
-eGFR <60. Stages 2. <50 3. idk
-BUN: 10-20
-Cr: 0.6-1.2
ammonia
-albumin
-H&H r/t deceased RBC production
T - kidney transplant. Dialysis: peritoneal or through machine?
E - avoid high protein. Encourage fluids.

Question 17

Urolithaisis

Answer 17

Etiology:
^Ca
^Hyperoxaluria
^Hyperureemia: gout
^ammnoia: struvite is stone of ammonia
^amino acid causes cystinuria

L: severe px, hematuria
A: r/t hydronephrosis
T
T
E

Question 18

UTI

Answer 18

L - female. Tight clothes. Stressed. Could be radiation pt - CA.
A- flank pain, burning with urination, Cloudy urine, nocturia. Hx of UTIs, kidney stones, CA.
T- UA
T- antibiotics. Phenylphenidate: helps w burning.
E- wear cotton underwear, proper protection, finish meds***

Question 19

CA

Answer 19

Bladder
A: hematuria, pain w peeing. Low wt & appetite

Renal

Question 20

Diabetic neuropathy

Answer 20

r/t hyperglycemia. Similar to hydronephrosis: outflow obstruction. Buildup of urine.

Question 21

Labs

Answer 21

BUN: 10-20
eGRF: > 60
Cr: 0.6-1.2
Cr Clearance: 90-120???
Specific Gravity: 1.001 - 1.035
Uric acid

Question 22

Tests

Answer 22

-I/O
-Urinalysis
-Urine culture
-Cystoscopy, uroscopy

LABS
-Metabolic panel
-UA, or urinalysis: Glucose, protein, ketones, blood?
-Urine culture & sensitivty
-Biopsy

Radiology
-CT, MRI, US (ultrasound)
-Angiography
-XRAY or KUB

Question 23

Screening Prevention

Answer 23

-Colonoscopy
-Occult blood