EXAM #2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is mental health and what is mental illness

A

Mental health: ability to cope, do daily activities of life, and contribute to society.
Mental illness: Lack of resilience (inability to cope). Unable to do basic function of life.

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2
Q

If you are looking for symptoms for a specific diagnosis what manual do you look at?

A

The DSM-5. or the NANDA-1

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3
Q

What speicific reason can a person be hospitalized for mental illness

A

The person must be at risk of hurting oneself or others. Or they are unable to do ADLs.

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4
Q

What are the three phases of therapeutic communication and when do you know terminate of the relationship is effective?

A

1) Orientation phase: introduce. Set boundaries. Establish trust. Assessment made.
2) Working phase: nurse assumes role to help client. Encourages expression of feelings.
3) Termination phase: when agreed goal is met, patient is discharged. Promote indolence. Coping methods placed.

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5
Q

What are good coping skills and what can you teach your client to decrease stress and better cope with events?

A

Coping skills: biofeedback, guided imagery, relaxation techniques, meditation and mindfulness.
Techniques: journaling, exercise, humor, cognitive reframing.

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6
Q

What is stress, what is anxiety, and what happens to the body when someone becomes anxious; fight or flight.

A

Stress: fight or flight response. (Hans Selye) GAS 1) Alarm phase 2) Resistance/adaptation phase 3) Exhaustion phase.
Anxiety: dread from perceived threat.

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7
Q

What techniques would you provide to your patient to decrease anxiety and what types of medications to decrease anxiety?

A

(see above for techniques)
Anxiolytics:
-Benzodiazepines, or -pam and -lams
Xanax, or alprazolam
Klonopin, or clonazepam
Valium, or diazepam
Ativan, or lorazepam
-Barbiturates
Phenobarbital
-Buspirone

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8
Q

What are neurotransmitters and how do they work

A

-Acetylcholine: Body maintenance. Slows HR, smooth muscle, excitatory function. Low in Alzheimers.
-Dopamine: reward system. Modulates mood, posture, movement, wakefulness. Low in Parkinson’s, high in Schizophrenia.
-Serotonin: a monoamine transmitter. Modulatory. Affects cognition, emotion, metabolism, mood, sleep/wake. Low in Depression.
-GABA: inhibits excitatory activity. Fine tunes thoughts (worse w exhaustion).
-Glutamine: a free amino acid. Activates neurons.

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9
Q

What is depression/ a mood disorder. What meds are used to treat this. What do we think is cause of depression, low serotonin in the brain

A

Depression: feeling of helplessness. Lasts for 2 years in adults and 2 year in children.
Meds: SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MOAIs (see notebook)
Mood Disorders: psychological disorders that affect a person’s mood or affect, aka feelings.

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10
Q

What type of medication is fluoxetine and paroxetine

A

-fluoxetine, or Prozac: SSRI (see notebook)
-paroxetine, or Paxil: SSRI (^^)

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11
Q

TCA antidepressants and low blood pressure

A

Amitriptyline: “Amy trips on things”, or orthostatic hypotension. Slow position changes.
Imipramine: “Inhibits my peeing” drys stuff out. Cholinergic effects - dry eye, constipation, dry cough.

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12
Q

What does autonomy mean?

A

Autonomy is our independence. Our ability to accept or deny care, request information, and choose our plan of care.

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13
Q

Stages of anxiety: mild, mod, severe, and panic

A

Mild: everyday anxiety. encourages us to be productive.
Mod: clouds our judgement. Impaired thinking.
Severe: can’t focus on environment. Somatic symptoms.
Panic: yelling, shouting, screaming. Loss of reality.

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14
Q

Circadian rhythm and effects on sleep and mood

A

Circadian rhythm: 1. Relaxed wakefulness (Alpha) 2. Stage N1 (Theta waves) 2. Stage N (sleep spindles) 3. Stage 3 (delta waves) or Deep sleep, 4. REM or dreaming sleep.
- Poor sleep leads to insomnia, anxiety, poorer daily function, accident prone.

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15
Q

Transference and counter transference

A

Transference: when pt project image of person from their life onto nurse.
Countertransference: when nurse project image of person from their life onto pt.

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16
Q

Bipolar; difference between bipolar I and II. Which is worse? What is dysthymic and cyclothymic?

A

Bipolar I: pt has 1 or more hyper-mania episodes. This one’s worse and more common in men.
Bipolar II: pt has 1 or more hypomanic or depressive episodes. More common in women.
Dysthymic: chronic depression.
Cyclothymic: mild or mod depression for 2+ years. May rapidly cycle.

17
Q

If a person is manic what behaviors might you see? (Types of speech)

A

Speech patterns:
-Pressured speech: speak quickly
-Circumstantial speech:
-Tangential speech:
-Loose associations:
-Flight or ideas:
-Clang associations
Thought process
-Gradniose dellussions
-Persecutory delusions, “someone’s out to get them”
Other:
-Manipulative, demanding. Agitation and mood swings.

18
Q

Lithium: mood stability; the importance of water/fluid levels if a person is placed on med (like diuretic) that diesis water. What happens?

A

Lithium: has narrow therapeutic range. Over 1.5 TOXIC. Fluids keep person from becoming toxic. No diuretics or concentration of lithium could increase.

19
Q

Tx for manic episode

A

Lithium and then olanzepine (antipsychotic)

20
Q

Aversion therapy

A

Associating a bad beware with a bad sensation, or undesirable stimulus. Ex. Pinching self when thinking about smoking. (aka, conditioning self)