Unit 1 - Extra bits Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Standard form?

A

Another name for scientific notation, which is a way of writing very large or small numbers using a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10

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2
Q

What are descriptive statistics?

A

Ways of summing up and presenting your findings

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3
Q

What are inferential statistics?

A

Working out what your findings are telling you (statistical tests).
They enable you to work out which hypothesis has been supported by the data

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4
Q

What type of data are pie charts good for?

A

Nominal, enabling the researcher to present percentages from within an overall total and show proportions of a whole.

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5
Q

Why are line graphs good?

A

They are useful for showing change over time
Psychologists may use to to track behaviour or attitudes over time

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6
Q

What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?

A

bar charts convey information about frequencies through the height of the bars, whereas histograms convey this through the area.
archarts also have spaces where histograms don’t, and show discrete data while histograms show continuous data.

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7
Q

What are the 5 non-parametric inferential tests?

A

Binomial sign tests, Chi square, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho

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8
Q

When would you use Chi Squared?

A

With nominal data and independent measures design

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9
Q

When would you use Mann-Whitney U test?

A

With Ordinal data and repeated measure

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10
Q

When would you use a Binomial sign test?

A

With nominal data and repeated measures

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11
Q

When would you use Wilcoxon signed ranks test?

A

Ordinal data and repeated measures

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12
Q

What test non-parametric test would you use for correlation?

A

Spearman’s Rho

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13
Q

What are the three criteria for using a parametric inferential statistical test?

A

The data has to be interval or ratio
The data has to have a curve of normal distribution
The variances should be similar

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14
Q

What does P>0.05 mean?

A

The chance that the results are due to chance is greater than 5%, so the null hypothesis would be accepted

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15
Q

What is a type 1 error?

A

When the alternative hypothesis is mistakenly accepted, suggesting that there is a statistically significant result when in reality it is just down to chance

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16
Q

What is a type 2 error?

A

When the null hypothesis is accepted, and the alternative rejected, when the independent variable really is having a significant impact on the dependent variable

17
Q

How does normal distribution link to standard deviation?

A

In a normal distribution curve, 68% of valued are within 1 standard deviation of the mean and 95% are in 2 deviations

18
Q

What are the 7 stages of a psychological report

A

Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
References
Appendices

19
Q

What are the 7 steps of n academic reference?

A

Author
year of publication
Article title
Journal title
Volume of journal
Issue number of Journal
Page range of article

20
Q

What is peer review?

A

When people of the same standing in the field review the research to make sure the research was carried out in an important area, in an acceptable manner with the appropriate methodology

21
Q

What are the strengths of peer review?

A

It is important to retain the credibility of new research and ensure validity of publications
It does attempt to ensure that only the most relevant and methodologically robust research is published

22
Q

What are the weaknesses of peer review?

A

It is not always seen as positive
It is a lengthy process
Some reviews may not ‘pass research which contradicts their own, and it may not be possible to detect research which has used false data

23
Q

What is falsification?

A

The ability, in principle, to prove a claim wrong

24
Q

What is replicability?

A

being able to repeat and therefore refute the findings from another piece of research

25
Q

What is deduction?

A

A theory is formed, and then empirical research is carried out to test the theory

26
Q

What is induction?

A

When a theory is made to explain the results of empirical research

27
Q

What are controls?

A

Imposed on experiments to ensure that results are due to the independent variable, rather than extraneous variables.

28
Q

What is nominal data?

A

A head count of the number of participants who do one thing as opposed to another

29
Q

What is ordinal data?

A

Analysis is made of individual scores achieved by participants, but only in relation to others, no account is taken of how much further highest is from second highest

30
Q

What is interval data?

A

It analyses the size of the gaps between participants scores