Unit 1: exam

Question 1

The ideas that people are the source of governmental power and authority

Answer 1

Popular sovereignty

Question 2

The idea that people create a government to protect the rights of the people

Answer 2

Social contract

Question 3

a form of government where people choose representatives to make public policy

Answer 3

repblicanism

Question 4

republicanism in the consitution

Answer 4

elect representatives to House, electoral college

*representatives

Question 5

popular sovereignty in the consitution

Answer 5

elections

Question 6

partcipatory democracy (def.)

Answer 6

theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government

ex. #METOO, March for Our Lives, amendments that expand suffrage

Question 7

partcipatory democracy in brutus 1

Answer 7

power should be held by the people. Smaller governments are more democratic

Question 8

Pluralist Democracy

Answer 8

group-base activism striving to imapact political decison making; people become more power as a group (power in numbers)

ex. political parties, intrest groups

Question 9

Pluarist democracy in Federalist No. 10

Answer 9

Groups (factions) will compete for power in a large, diverse republic. The competition will ensure no one group/faction has complete power

Question 10

elite democracy

Answer 10

limited or filtered citizen participation in politics. The elite (in money, power, knowlege, etc.) has the most power

*not trusting the general public to make good choices

Question 11

Federalist ideas

Answer 11

• supported the consitution
• opposed a bill of rights (thought it wasn’t need)
• favored a strong, central governmetn

Question 12

Antifederalist ideas

Answer 12

• opposed the Consitution
• demanded a Bill of Rights
• opposed a strong central government

Question 13

Federalist No. 10 (overview)

Answer 13

factions are bad, but inveitable. The best way to solve them is to have a large, diverse republic

Question 14

Federalist No. 10 (key ideas)

Answer 14

• feared tyranny of the majority (majority rule, minority rights)
• factions are natural
• wanted a republican form of government (as representatives will vote for the good of the nation)
• factions are the greatest threat to liberty
• Democracies fail: there’s nomally nothing to check the majority from doing what they want. In turn, oppresing the minority

Question 15

Brutus No. 1 (overview)

Answer 15

antifederalist paper against ratifying the consitution

Question 16

Brutus No. 1 (key ideas)

Answer 16

feared:
- federal gov will tax excessivly (oppressing th people)
- against a standing army (gov may use it against to people to put them in submission)
- the necessary and proper clause (elestic clase), becuase it gave the fed gov too much power

*wanted a small republic, power to be held by the people, an dmore local govs

agaisnt ratifying the consitution

Question 17

Federalist No. 51 (overview)

Answer 17

seperation of powers + checks and balances

Question 18

Federalist No. 51 (key ideas)

Answer 18

• “if men were angels…” (men aren’t angels, so we need government)
• since congress is the strongest, weaken it by dividing it into two houses (bicameral)
• “ambition must counteract ambition –> each branch wants more power, but doesn’t want the others to have more power (checks)

Question 19

10th amendment

Answer 19

STATES RIGHTS - all powers not delegated to the federal gov, or not denied for the states, are reserved for the states

Question 20

14th amendement

Answer 20

anyone born in the United States is a citizen and that all states must give citizens the same rights guaranteed by the federal government in the Bill of Rights (power to the fed gov; states are restricted by the Bill of Rights through selective incorporation)

Question 21

what two ways can the consitution be ratified

Answer 21

1. 2/3 of both houses propose it, and 3/4 of the states ratify it
2. at a consitutional conventional, 2/3 of states propose an amendment, and 3/4 of the states ratify it

Question 22

categoral grants

Answer 22

money given to the states, only if they comply with specific rules :/

Question 23

block grants

Answer 23

money given to states with a broad set of rules to follow :)

Question 24

unfunded mandate

Answer 24

something the federal government sends out (new law, regulation, standard, etc.) that the states must comply with…wihtout federal funding :(

Question 25

revenue sharing

Answer 25

federal money given to states, without rules :)))

Question 26

what have grants in aid done to federalism

Answer 26

expanded federal power. the states want the money...but they don't want to comply with the rules that come with it. Yet, the states take the money anyway. So it's kinda like a bribe | ex. raising the drinking age or highway money is taken away

Question 27

dual federalism

Answer 27

* layered cake * federal and state governments are in their own spheres, and are supreme in those said spheres

Question 28

coorporative federalism

Answer 28

* marble cake * modern * federal and state govs. share responsiblities, costs, and administration of policies * gives federal government more power

Question 29

MuCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 29

- Facts: congress established a national bank and serveral states tried suing it - Result: congress may establish a national bank, AND states may NOT tax it - Principle: the necessary and proper clause gives congress implied powers AND the supremacy clause asserts that the national gov is uperior to states when they clash | expanded the powers of the federal government

Question 30

U.S. v. Lopez (1995)

Answer 30

- facts: Alonso Lopez was arrested for bringing a unloaded gun to school, violating the Gun Free Zones Act. - Result: federal law is unconsitutional becuase posseion of a gun doesn't affect interstate commerce - Principle: 10th amendment creates a federal system that protects state power. The commerce clause doesn't grant congress unlimited power | federalism case

Question 31

advantages of federalism in relation in creating public policy

Answer 31

- states can create laws based of their indvidual needs - states become labs of democracy

Question 32

purpose of the bill of rights

Answer 32

- makes sure the power of the federal gov stays limited: protecting civil liberties - checks the majoity --it wasn't orignally added because it was thought it would be used by the federal gov to repress liberites--

Question 33

Declartion of Independence | *breakup letter

Answer 33

* natural rights * popular soverignty * social contract

Question 34

Articles of Confederation (1787) | *weak bond of the states

Answer 34

* states were sovereign (states had more power than the federal gov) * unicameral (no judical or executive branch) * each state had one vote in congress

Question 35

Powers of Congress under the articles of confederation

Answer 35

* declare war * enter treaties * raise an army * coin money (but the states could too) * settle disuputers between states

Question 36

The Consitution (1788)

Answer 36

- republican style government - gave the federal government more power (which was divided)

Question 37

Article I | conitution

Answer 37

congress - lawmaking - bicameral - section 8: powers of congress - necessary and proper clause

Question 38

Article II | conitution

Answer 38

executive - electoral college - powers of the president: commander in cheif of the military, execute laws

Question 39

Article III | conitution

Answer 39

Judiciary - establish other courts - interpret laws in terms of consituionality (judical review) - appelate judiction (hearing appeals from the lower courts)

Question 40

Article V | conitution

Answer 40

amendment process

Question 41

Article VI | conitution

Answer 41

supremacy clause

Question 42

John Locke

Answer 42

- "second treatise of government" - natural law - man is born free and can only be subjected to politcal power of another with their consent - natural rights

Question 43

Jean-Jaques Rosseau

Answer 43

- "The Social Contract" - people give up some of their freedom to the government in exhange for an orderly society

Question 44

Baron de Monteque

Answer 44

- checks and balances - limit government to procect inalienable rights - republicanism

Question 45

Thomas Hobbs | kinda like John Locke and his natural law stuff

Answer 45

The natural state of man is chaotic, that is why we need government

Question 46

The Enlightenment

Answer 46

time of great euopean thought (helped form our government)