Unit 1: chapter 3 vocab Flashcards
a system that divides power between the national and state governments
federalism
a system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments
unitary system
s system where the subnational governments have most of the power
confederal system
a system where power is divided between the national and state governments
federal system
powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Consitution; also called expressed powers
enumerated or expressed powers
exclusive powers
powers only the national government may exercise
powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers
implied powers
grants congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commerical activity
commerce clause
grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. Also called the elastic clause
necessary and proper clause
establishes the Consitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest laws of the land
supremacy clause
reserves powers not delegrated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism
Tenth amendment
powers not granted to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people
reserved powers
constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state
full faith and credit clause
the requirment that officals in one state return a defendant to another state where the crime was committed
extradition
consitutional clase that prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state
privileges and immunites clause
consitutional amendment that outlaws slavery
Thirteenth Amendment
consitutional amendment that provides that personsn born in the United States are citizens and prohibits states from denying persons due process or equal protections under the law
fourteenth amendment
constitutional amendment that gave african americans the right to vote
fifteenth amendment
a form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independentky in their own areas of public policy
dual fedralism
the process through which the surpeme court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis
selective incorporation
a form of American fedralism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy
coorperative federalism
federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives
grants-in-aid
the federal government’s use of grants-in-aid to influence policies
fiscal federalsim
grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use
categorical grants
federal requirments that states must follow without being provided with funding
unfunded mandate
a type of grant-in-aid that gives state offical more authority in the disbursement of federal funds
block grant
when the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no string attached
revenue sharing
returing more authority to state or local governments
devolution
powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Consitution
concurrent powers
