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APGOVSUM18 Esmeralda Ayala > Unit 1 Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

was a founding father of the united states of America one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the constitution the founder of the nation financial system, and 1st American of the political party, established the national bank

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2
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry

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3
Q

Article I

A

Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints

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4
Q

Article II

A

Executive Branch - Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President

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5
Q

Article III

A

Judicial Branch - Powers, restraints, and the definition of Treason

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6
Q

Article IV

A

Relation of the states to each other and to the federal government, guarantees to the states, and government of the territories

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7
Q

Article IV

A

Relation of the states to each other and to the federal government, guarantees to the states, and government of the territories

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8
Q

Article V

A

Method of Amending the Constitution. Guarantee of equal representation of the states in the U.S. Senate

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9
Q

Article VI

A

Provision for national debts. Supremacy of the United States Constitution, federal laws and treaties. Pledge of national and state officials to uphold the constitution. No religious test required as qualification for public office

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10
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage

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11
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

Played a major role in the American Revolution

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12
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. Written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties

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13
Q

checks and balances

A

This system gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches.

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14
Q

common sense

A

Written by Thomas Paine. Argument for an independent United States.

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15
Q

constitution

A

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

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16
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution

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17
Q

Crispus Attucks

A

First colonist to be killed during the Boston massacre

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18
Q

Critical Period

A

refers to the 1780’s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance

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19
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

a document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of a new country, the USA

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20
Q

Electoral College

A

the body of elector chosen from each state to elect the president and vice president of the U.S.

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21
Q

enumerated powers

A

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution

22
Q

federalism

A

division of power between a central government and regional government

23
Q

federalists

A

supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government

24
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

essays published in New York newspapers over course of 2 years

25
Q

First Continental Congress

A

The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution

26
Q

French and Indian War

A

war was fought between England and France for control of certain lands in North America

27
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

Constitution’s requirement that each State accept the public acts, records, and Judicial proceedings of every other State

28
Q

George Washington

A

Commander in Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, leader of the Constitutional Convention, and the first President of the United States.

29
Q

Great Compromise

A

the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population)

30
Q

Implied Powers

A

Implied powers are powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution, in accordance with the statement in the Constitution that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I

31
Q

Inherent Powers

A

The powers of the national government in the field of affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government

32
Q

James Madison

A

father of the constitution; leading federalist; author of the Bill of Rights

33
Q

John Jay

A

United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)

34
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

These battles initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston

35
Q

mercantilism

A

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

36
Q

Montesquieu

A

Famous for the idea of having three branches of government so that no one branch may have too much power

37
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government

38
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn’t want to be bullied by larger states

39
Q

New World

A

The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas.

40
Q

Political Culture

A

The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens relate to governments and to one another. Social capital – Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations

41
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Founding father. American statesman and political philosopher. Leader in the Revolution. Founder of Sons of Liberty.

42
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774, and October 26, 1774.

43
Q

Separation of Powers

A

The powers of the national government are divided into three distinct branches

44
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes

45
Q

social contract theory

A

Idea that people join groups, and these groups make a presence know as a society. A social contract is the compact that the people agree form rules and conditions for membership in their society. The belief that all persons are entitled to equal rights and treatment before the law.

46
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

People who were brought together as a response of the Stamp Act. They were common people

47
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

The Congress asked the king to get rid of the taxes, said that Parliament didn’t have the right to tax them, and said that admiralty courts were unfair

48
Q

supremacy clause

A

It is the highest form of law in the U.S. legal system, and mandates that all state judges must follow federal law when a conflict arises between federal law and either the state constitution or state law of any state

49
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

3rd President of the United States. He favored limited central government. He was chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence

50
Q

Thomas Paine

A

convinced Founding Father and colonists that rebellion against Britain is acceptable

51
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Compromise agreement between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives

52
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Virginia delegate James Madison’s plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population

APGOVSUM18 Esmeralda Ayala (15 decks)

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