AP Gov Chap. 12 Esmeralda Ayala

Question 1

501 (c) group

Answer 1

Groups that are exempted from reporting their contributions and can receive unlimited contributions. Section 501c of the tax code specifies that such groups cannot spend more than half their funds on political activities

Question 2

527 political committees

Answer 2

Independent political groups that are not subject to contribution restrictions because they do not directly seek the election of particular candidates. Section 527 of the tax code specifies that contributions to such groups must be reported to the IRS

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

the first African American president of the United States, a Democrat, who served as forty fourth president from 2009 to 2017

Question 4

Bernie Sanders

Answer 4

is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007. A self-described democratic socialist and progressive, Sanders is pro-labor and emphasizes reversing economic inequality

Question 5

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act

Answer 5

banned soft money contributions to national political parties from corporations and unions; independent expenditures by corporations, labor unions, trade associations, and nonprofit organizations are sharply restricted, The elimination of “soft money”

Question 6

campaign consultant

Answer 6

sells a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected

Question 7

campaign manager

Answer 7

travels with the candidate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign

Question 8

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 8

A case challenging the Federal Election Commission’s ruling that the documentary film entitled Hilary produced by a non profit corporation and funded by for-profit corporations constituted a violation of the ban on corporate contributions to federal campaigns.The Supreme Court ruled that corporate funding of independent political ads in candidate elections cannot be limited under the first amendment

Question 9

closed primary

Answer 9

a primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

Question 10

communications director

Answer 10

develops overall media strategy for the candidate

Question 11

Contrast ad

Answer 11

states differences between candidates, with a bias to the person buying the ad PM

Question 12

conventional political participation

Answer 12

Relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture

Question 13

crossover voting

Answer 13

Participation in the primary of a party with which the voter is not affiliated

Question 14

Donald J. Trump

Answer 14

the forty-fifth president, a Republican, elected in 2016; first president elected without prior political or military experience

Question 15

elector

Answer 15

Member of the Electoral College chosen by methods determined in each state

Question 16

electorate

Answer 16

Citizens eligible to vote

Question 17

Electorate College

Answer 17

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

Question 18

Federal Election Campaign Act

Answer 18

A law passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission, provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions

Question 19

Federal Election Commission

Answer 19

A six-member bipartisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974. It administers and enforces campaign finance laws

Question 20

finance chair

Answer 20

The campaign professional who directs fundraising, campaign spending, and compliance with campaign-finance laws and reporting requirements

Question 21

front-loading

Answer 21

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalized on media attention.

Question 22

general election

Answer 22

A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election

Question 23

get-out-the-vote

Answer 23

A campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Question 24

Help America Vote Act

Answer 24

Passed in 2002, designed to create a more uniform voting system. Afforded states to shift from older voting machines to the touch screens used in most states today

Question 25

Hillary R. Clinton

Answer 25

first female major party candidate for president of the United States, a Democrat, who ran against President Donald J. Trump in 2016

Question 26

incumbency

Answer 26

the official who holds an office

Question 27

independent expenditures

Answer 27

Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them

Question 28

initiative

Answer 28

A petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote on a proposed salute, constitutional amendment, charter amendment or ordinance, or, in its minimal form, to simply oblige the executive or legislative bodies to consider the subject by submitting it to the order of the say

Question 29

inoculation ad

Answer 29

Advertising that attempts to counteract and anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

Question 30

mandate

Answer 30

Requirements that direct states and local governments to provide additional services under the threat of penalties or as a condition of the the receipt of federal grant money. For example the drinking age within states

Question 31

matching funds

Answer 31

Donations to presidential campaigns from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises

Question 32

McCutcheon v. FEC

Answer 32

Supreme Court case in which a narrow 5-4 majority struck down the limit on the total amount that one wealthy donor is permitted to contribute to all federal candidates, parties, and political action committees (PACs) combined

Question 33

mid-term election

Answer 33

Election in the United States in which members of the united states congress and some legislatures and governors are elected

Question 34

Negative ad

Answer 34

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s platform or character

Question 35

open primary

Answer 35

a primary in which any registered voter can vote (but must vote for candidates of only one party)

Question 36

political action committee

Answer 36

committee formed by a special-interest group to raise money for their favorite political candidates

Question 37

Pollster

Answer 37

A professional who takes public opinion surveys that guide political campaigns

Question 38

Positive ad

Answer 38

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, without reference to the opponent

Question 39

presidential coattails

Answer 39

the alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president

Question 40

press secretary

Answer 40

The individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

Question 41

primary election

Answer 41

A preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen

Question 42

prospective judgement

Answer 42

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

Question 43

public funds

Answer 43

Donations from the general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

Question 44

reapportionment

Answer 44

the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census

Question 45

recall

Answer 45

A procedure allowing the people to vote or dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired

Question 46

referendum

Answer 46

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

Question 47

retrospective judgment

Answer 47

a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power

Question 48

runoff primary

Answer 48

A primary in which, to be successful, the candidate must receive a majority of all votes cast in that race

Question 49

super PAC

Answer 49

political-action committee that is allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals and associations. Some nonprofit groups are allowed to contribute to super PACs without disclosing where their money came from; The most important difference between a super PAC and traditional candidate PAC is in who can contribute, and in how much they can give

Question 50

turnout

Answer 50

The proportion of the voting age public that votes, sometimes defined as the number of registered voters that vote

Question 51

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 51

principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party

Question 52

unconventional political participation

Answer 52

attempts to influence pol. process through unusual or extreme measures (protests, boycotts etc)

Question 53

voter canvass

Answer 53

The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone