AP GOV Chap. 9 Esmeralda Ayala

Question 1

Lame duck

Answer 1

An executive or legislative during the period just before the end of the term of office

Sentence: Lame duck occurs when it’s power is considered to be diminished as well as their influence.

Question 2

Jurisdiction

Answer 2

Authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issue a in a particular case

Sentence: They went to the court and had a jurisdiction.

Question 3

Original jurisdiction

Answer 3

The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial

Sentence: The original jurisdiction had determined the facts of their case.

Question 4

Appellate jurisdiction

Answer 4

The power vested in particular courts to review and/or revise the decision of a lower court

Sentence: The court had allowed for that court to have a appellate jurisdiction.

Question 5

Federalist No. 78

Answer 5

A Federalist Papers essay authored by Alexander Hamilton that covers the role of the federal judiciary, including the power of the judicial review

Sentence: The Federalist No. 78 had been authored by Alexander Hamilton.

Question 6

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 6

Legislative act that established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system

Sentence: The Judiciary Act of 1789 was the establishment of the federal court system.

Question 7

John Jay

Answer 7

A member of the Foundation generation who was the first Chief Justice of the United States

Sentence: John Jay has been a co-author of The Federalist Papers.

Question 8

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 8

A civil insurrection in 1794 that was put down by military force by President George Washington, thereby confirming the power of the new national government

Sentence: The Whiskey Rebellion had been established in 1704 by the military force.

Question 9

Chisholm v. Georgia (1793)

Answer 9

A Supreme Court case that allowed U.S. citizens to bring a law suit against states in which they did not reside; overturned by the Eleventh Amendment in 1789

Sentence: Chisholm v. Georgia has been overturned by the 11th Amendment.

Question 10

Eleventh Amendment

Answer 10

An amendment adopted in 1789 protecting states from being sued in federal court by a citizen of a different state or country

Sentence: Because the Eleventh Amendment the court case of Chisholm v. Georgia was overturned.

Question 11

John Marshall

Answer 11

Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshall’s decisión in Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review in the United States

Sentence: John Marshall was the longest serving Supreme Court Justice

Question 12

Judicial review

Answer 12

Power of the courts to review acts of other branches of government and the states

Sentences: The judicial review had allowed for the courts to review the acts of other branches.

Question 13

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 13

Case in which the Supreme Court first asserted the power of judicial review by finding the part of the congressional statute extending the Court’s original jurisdiction was unconstitutional

Sentence: The Marbury v. Madison was established by Marshall’s decision.

Question 14

Trial court

Answer 14

Court of original jurisdiction where cases begin

Sentence: The original jurisdiction take place in a trial court.

Question 15

Appellate court

Answer 15

Court that generally reviewed only findings of law made by lower courts

Sentence: The appellate court only occurred because it was reviewed by a lower court.

Question 16

Constitutional courts

Answer 16

Federal courts specifically created by the U.S. Constitutional

Sentence: The constitutional courts were the Article III.

Question 17

Legislative court

Answer 17

Court established by Congress for specialized purposes, such as the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims

Sentence: The legislative court was created for the Veterans and other specialized purposes.

Question 18

Brief

Answer 18

A document containing the legal written arguments in a case filed with a court by a party prior to a hearing or trial

Sentence: She had created a brief for the hearing that would be established later.

Question 19

Precedent

Answer 19

A prior judicial decision that serves as a rule for settling subsequent cases of a similar nature

Sentence: There was a precedent for the cases that were similar by the judiciary.

Question 20

Stare decisis

Answer 20

In court rulings, a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases

Sentence: The Stare decisis was settled because of an old court ruling.

Question 21

Senatorial courtesy

Answer 21

A process by which presidents generally allows senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination by simply registering their objection

Sentence: The president was allowed to register their objection because the senatorial courtesy.

Question 22

Sandra Day O’Connor

Answer 22

An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1981-2005 who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as the first woman to serve on the Court

Sentence: Sandra Day O’Connor was appointed by President Ronald Reagan.

Question 23

Elena Kagan

Answer 23

An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, appointed by President Barack Obama in 2009 while she was serving as solicitor general in his administration

Sentences: Elena Kagan had been appointed by President Barack Obama.

Question 24

writ of certiorari

Answer 24

A request for the Supreme Court to order up the records from a lower court to review the case

Sentence: They had requested a writ of certiorari.

Question 25

Rule of Four

Answer 25

At least four justices of the Supreme Court must vote to consider a case before it can be heard

Sentence: They had the rule of four before looking at the case.

Question 26

Solicitor general

Answer 26

The fourth ranking member of the Department of Justice; responsible for handling nearly all appeals on behalf of the U.S. government to the Supreme Court

Sentence: The solicitor general had to look overall all the appeals.

Question 27

Amicus Curiae

Answer 27

“Friend of the court”: amici may file briefs or even appear to argue their interest orally before the court

Sentence: Amicus Curiae had been available for some of the people.

Question 28

Plurality opinion

Answer 28

A type of judicial opinion, the reasoning of which is agreed to by fewer than a majority of judges on a court; although it resolves the particular case, the opinion does not establish a binding precedent

Sentence: The plurality opinion does not establish a binding precedent.

Question 29

Concurring opinion

Answer 29

A type of judicial opinion issued by a minority of judges on a court who agree with the outcome of a case, but wishes to express different legal reasoning

Sentence: The concurring opinion is a minority of judges on a court who agree with the out.

Question 30

Dissenting opinion

Answer 30

A type of judicial opinion issued by a minority of judges on a court who disagree with the outcome of a case and wish to explain their legal reasoning

Sentence: The dissenting opinion is only done by a minority of judges.

Question 31

Judicial restraint

Answer 31

A philosophy decision making that posits courts should allow the decisions of other branches of government to stand, even when they offend a judge’s own principles

Sentence: They had used the judicial restraint for the decision that needed to be made.

Question 32

Judicial activism

Answer 32

A philosophy of judicial decision making that posits judges should use their power broadly to further justices

Sentence: They needed the judicial activism to allow for further justices and the right use of power.

Question 33

Strict

Answer 33

An approach to constitutional interpretation that emphasizes interpreting the Constitution as it was originally written and intended by the Framers

Sentence: The strict was needed for the Framers.

Question 34

Judicial implementation

Answer 34

How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual public policies affecting more than the immediate parties to a lawsuit

Sentence: The judicial implementation had been translated to make sure it could affect a lawsuit.