AP GOV Chap. 8 Esmeralda Ayala Flashcards
Federal Bureaucracy
The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs
Sentence: The Federal Bureaucracy has three primary tasks.
Max Weber
German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies
Sentence: Max Weber was a German sociologist and had defined bureaucracy.
spoils system
the firing of public-office holders of defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party
sentence: The spoil system had been created from a comment in which a Democrat said.
patronage
jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support
sentence: The patronage had been sprouted from the spoils system and it rewarded their support.
merit system
system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty
sentence: Rutherford B. Hayes wanted to replace the spoils system with the merit system.
Pendleton Act
Reform measure that establishes the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission
sentence: Congress promoted the Pendleton Act after Garfield’s death and criticism of the spoils system.
civil service system
the merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected
sentence: At first, the civil service system only covered about 10% of federal coverage.
Sixteenth Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax
Sentence: The Sixteenth Amendment affected the size and growth of the government.
World War I
A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories
Sentence: World War I had lead to the increase of manufacturing.
Great Depression
A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted to some degree until the end of 1930s
Sentence: The nation had plunged into the Great Depression after 1929.
World War II
A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region
Sentence: The World War II went on from 1939-1945.
G.I. Bill
Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes
Sentence: The G.I. Bill allowed for many veterans to be able to go buy homes.
Great Society
Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief
Sentence: The Great Society had created an attempt with the combat poverty.
Department of Homeland Security
Cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts
Sentence: The Department of Homeland was established after the 9/11 attack.
Cabinet departments
They all advise the President, help execute/implement programs; have broad responsibility
Sentence: The cabinet departments include 15 total sizes, status, and functions.
independent executive agencies
federal agencies not under the cabinet; congress authorizes them, defines their goals, and sets their powers
sentence: The independent executive agencies are appointed by the president.
independent regulatory commission
a government agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest.
sentence: The independent regulatory commission judges disputes over these rules.
government corporations
a government organization that, like business corporations, provides a service that could be provided by the private sector and typically charges for its services
sentence: One of the government corporations include the U.S. Postal Service.
Hatch Act
Permitted government employees to vote in government elections but forbade them from participating in partisan politics
Sentence: The Hatch Act didn’t allows for the employees to be part of the partisan politics.
implementation
the stage of policymaking between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects.
sentence: The implementation translates policy into an operating, ongoing program.
iron triangles
a close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group
sentence: The iron triangles was established for only three close relationship.
issue networks
relationships among interest groups, congressional committees and subcommittees, and the government agencies that share a common policy concern
sentence: The issue networks involves more players when bureaucrats are involved.
interagency councils
working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies
sentence: It is the interagency councils that has a host of governmental agencies.
policy coordinating committees
committees created at the sub-Cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems
sentence: The policy coordinating committees was created at the sub-Cabinet level.
administrative discretion
the ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions
sentence: The administrative discretion strategies the way to implement congress.
rule making
a quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act
sentence: Rule making was a process that lead in regulations of a legislative act.
regulations
rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law
sentence: Regulations include the force of laws in the government.
Federal Register
the official journal of the U.S. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes
Sentence: The Federal Register is the official journal of the U.S. government.
administrative adjudication
a quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes
The administrative adjudication is another quasi-judicial process.
Government cooperations
Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak
Sentence: One of the government corporations include the U.S. Postal Service.
