Unit 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
State the two main types of cells
Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of ______
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells
A prokaryote is a ______
A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (a single-celled organism)
What is a Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus
What is a Prokaryotic cell
In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a nucleus
Give some examples of eukaryotic cells
Plant cells
Animal cells
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacterial cells
Which of the types of cells are the smallest
Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison to Eukaryotic cells
Describe the differences between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic information enclosed in a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells are cells from prokaryotic organisms that have a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
What does the genetic material of Prokaryotic cells consist of
A loop of DNA
Plasmids
Draw and label a bacterial cell
Page 8
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Plasmids
Flagella
Genetic material (DNA loop)
Cytoplasm
How many metres are in a centimetre
1cm = 1 x 10^-2 m = 0.01 m
How many metres are in a millimetre
1 mm = 1 x 10^-3 m = 0.001 m
How many metres are in a micrometres
1 micrometre = 1µm = 1 x 10^-6 m = 0.000001
How many metres are in a nanometre
1nm = 1 x 10^-9m = 0.000000001
Convert
1mm into micrometres
1mm = 1000µm
Convert
1µm into nanometres
1µm = 1000 nm
How big is a typical human cell
Typical human cell = 10 - 20 µm
What does 1 order of magnitude mean
1 order of magnitude means 10x
The pineapple is 1 order of magnitude larger than the lemon
If object A is 100 times longer than object B, how would you compare them in terms of order of magnitude
Object A is 2 orders of magnitude longer than Object B
Complete the sentence
Every order of magnitude is ______ greater than the one before
Complete the sentence
Every order of magnitude is 10x greater than the one before
How many orders of magnitude
in the sizes
10x
100x
1000x
10x = one zero = one order of magnitude
100x = two zeros = two orders of magnitude
1000x = three zeros = three orders of magnitude
Example question
A fox is around 40cm long. A tick living on a fox is around 0.4cm long.
How many orders of magnitude is the fox longer than the tick?
How much longer the fox is than the tick
40/0.4 = 100x
100x = two orders of magnitude
The fox is two orders of magnitude longer than the tick.
State the sub-cellular structures found in animal cells
a nucleus
* cytoplasm
* a cell membrane
* mitochondria
* ribosomes.
Draw and label an animal cell
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z2sy8mn/large
State the function of the nucleus
Contains genetic material (DNA) which controls the activities of the cell
State the function of the cytoplasm
A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
State the function of the cell membrane
Cell membrane - The cell membrane controls the molecules that can enter and leave the cell
State the function of mitochondria
Mitochondria are where aerobic respiration takes place
State the function of ribosomes
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
