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GCSE Biology > The heart > Flashcards

The heart Flashcards

1
Q

State the role of the circulatory system

A

The circulatory system is responsible for pumping blood around the body

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2
Q

Why is blood needed to be taken around the body

A

Blood is needed to be taken around the body because it contains oxygen and glucose.

These are needed so that all the cells in the body can produce energy through respiration.

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3
Q

List the main organs of the circulatory system

A

The main organs of the circulatory system are the heart, lungs and kidneys.

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4
Q

Describe the route blood has to take through the heart

A

From the body, blood enters the right atrium, then into the right ventricle. The blood is then pumped to the lungs.

From the lungs, the blood enters the left atrium, then is pumped into the right ventricle and then to the body.

from the body from lungs

! ! ! !

______________ _________
[ right atrium ] [left atrium]
________________ ___________

_______________ _____________
[right ventricle] [l. ventricle]
_____________ _____________
! !
! !

to lungs to body

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5
Q

Describe the circulatory system

A

The circulatory system is a system in which the heart pumps blood around the body through arteries, capillaries and veins.

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6
Q

What is the double circulatory system/ double circulation

A

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it collects oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. (This oxygenated blood then returns to the heart)

The left side of the heart pumps this oxygenated blood around all the organs of the whole body (to supply the cells). The blood gives up its oxygen at the body cells (and the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again.)

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7
Q

Benefits of a double circulatory system

A

Because the blood passes through the heart twice, it can travel rapidly to the body cells delivering the oxygen that the cells need

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8
Q

State an animal which has a single circulatory sytem

A

A fish has a single circulatory system.

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9
Q

What is a normal heart rate whilst resting

A

A normal heart rate whilst resting is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm)

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10
Q

Explain how someone’s heart rate can vary

A

Heart rate will vary depending on when it is measured and what someone is doing immediately before the reading.

For example it will be higher when you walk compared to when you sit and rest.

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11
Q

Explain why a person’s heart rate will be higher when walking compared to when resting and sitting

A

The heart rate of a person will be higher when walking compared to when sitting and resting as your body needs more energy when a person is active so the person’s heart has to work harder

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12
Q

What is a pacemaker

A

A pacemaker is a group of cells located in the right atrium which send an electrical signal to the heart muscle cells that makes them contract at the right time.

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13
Q

Complete the sentence

The human heart has its own ______

A

The human heart has its own pacemaker

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14
Q

What can doctors do, if the natural pacemaker in someone doesn’t work properly

A

If the natural pacemaker in someone doesn’t work properly, the doctors can insert an artificial pacemaker into a patients chest which controls the contraction of the heart.

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15
Q

What are the effects of a faulty natural pacemaker

A

A faulty pacemaker causes irregular beating of the heart. This causes blood circulation to be inefficient which can cause problems including dizziness, shortness of breath and tiredness.

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16
Q

What does a faulty natural pacemaker sometimes feel like

A

Sometimes, it feels like your heart is pounding, fluttering or beating irregularly.

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17
Q

What are artificial pacemakers powered by

A

Artificial pacemakers are powered by a battery.

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18
Q

How can artificial pacemakers be fitted into a patients body

A

Artificial pacemakers (powered by a battery) can be fitted without the need for open heart surgery.

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19
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker

A

An artificial pacemaker is an electrical device used to correct irregularities in the heart rate.

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20
Q

What is the heart

A

The heart is an organ consisting mainly of muscle tissue

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21
Q

State the purpose of the heart

A

The purpose of the heart pumps is to pump blood around the body

22
Q

What can doctors do, if the natural pacemaker in someone doesn’t work properly

A

If the natural pacemaker in someone doesn’t work properly, the doctors can insert an artificial pacemaker into a patients chest which controls the contraction of the heart.

23
Q

What are the walls of the heart made almost entirely of.

A

The walls of the heart are almost entirely muscle.

24
Q

How is the heart muscle supplied with oxygen.

A

The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen.

25
Q

How many chambers does the heart have

A

The heart has four chambers

26
Q

Name the four chambers of the heart

A

The right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.

27
Q

What are the atria separated from the ventricles by

A

The atria are separated from the ventricles by valves

28
Q

Name four main blood vessels of the heart that enter and leave the heart

A

The vena cava
The pulmonary artery
The pulmonary vein
Aorta

29
Q

Label the diagram of the heart

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/diagram%20of%20the%20heart%20textbook%20not%20labelled.pdf

A

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/diagram%20of%20the%20heart%20textbook%20not%20labelled.pdf

30
Q

State the purpose of the ventricles

A

The ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart

31
Q

What does the right ventricle do

A

The right ventricle forces deoxygenates blood to the lungs in the pulmonary artery

32
Q

What does the left ventricle do

A

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body in an artery called the aorta.

33
Q

describe how deoxygenated blood from the body passes through the heart to reach the lungs

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava

The right atrium contracts

Blood passes through a valve into the right ventricle

The right ventricle contracts, forcing the blood through the pulmonary artery and out of the heart towards the lungs

As blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery, the valves close to stop blood from flowing backwards into the right atrium when the right ventricle contract.

34
Q

describe how oxygenated blood from the lungs passes through the heart to reach the body

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein

The left atrium contracts

Blood passes through a valve into the left ventricle

The left ventricle contracts, forcing the blood through the aorta and out of the heart towards the body

As blood is pumped into the aorta, the valves close to stop blood from flowing backwards into the left atrium when the left ventricle contract.

35
Q

Describe the pattern of blood flow in the heart

A

Blood enters the top chamber of the heart, which are called the atria.

The blood coming into the right atrium from the vena cava is deoxygenated blood from the body.

The blood coming into the left atrium from the pulmonary vein is oxygenated blood from the lungs.

The atria contract together and force blood down into the ventricles. Valves close to stop the blood flowing backwards out of the heart.

The ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart. The right ventricle forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs in the pulmonary artery

The left ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood around the body in an artery called the aorta.

As blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, valves close to stop blood from flowing backwards into the atria when the ventricles contract.

The atria fill again and the whole cycle starts over.

36
Q

Where is the pacemaker located

A

The pacemaker is located in the right atrium

37
Q

What is the natural resting heart controlled by.

A

The natural resting heart is controlled by a group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker.

38
Q

What is the noise of the heartbeat you hear through a stethoscope

A

The noise of the heartbeat you hear through a stethoscope is the sound of valves of the heart closing to prevent the blood flowing backwards

39
Q

Why is the muscle wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle

A

The muscle wall of the left ventricle is thicker that the wall of the right ventricle as this allows the left ventricle to develop the pressure needed to force the blood through the arterial system all over the body.

The blood leaving the right ventricle moves through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where high pressure would damage the delicate capillary network where gas exchange takes place.

40
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do

A

The pulmonary artery is a large blood vessel which takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

41
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do

A

The pulmonary vein is a large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

42
Q

What does the vena cava do

A

The vena cava is a large vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart.

43
Q

What does the aorta do

A

The aorta is an artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body.

44
Q

What are the atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart

45
Q

Fill in the gaps

The two sides of the heart ____ and _______ at the _____ time, giving a strong, coordinated _______

A

The two sides of the heart fill and empty at the same time, giving a strong, coordinated heartbeat.

46
Q

Complete the sentence

The coronary arteries are a type of _______

A

The coronary arteries are a type of blood vessel

47
Q

Where are the coronary arteries located

A

The coronary arteries branch out of the aorta and spread out into the heart muscle.

48
Q

What is the purpose of the coronary arteries

A

The purpose of the coronary arteries is to provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart.

The oxygen is used in respiration to provide the energy for contraction

49
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker

A

An artificial pacemaker is a small electrical device used to correct irregularities in the heart rate.

50
Q

Explain what would happen if a coronary artery was blocked

A

If a coronary artery was blocked, the blood supply to the area below the blockage would be reduced. Not enough oxygen would reach this part of the heart muscle, resulting in cells being unable to respire. This could cause the death of the muscle tissue or a heart attack.

51
Q

Draw the structure of the heart

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z8j6cj6/large

52
Q

what is a pacemaker

A

a group of cells in the right atrium that control the natural, resting heart rate.

GCSE Biology (51 decks)

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