Gas Exchange

Question 1

Label the diagram of the gas exchange system

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/diagram%20of%20the%20respiratory%20sytem%20unlabelled.pdf

Answer 1

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zgyrxfr/large

Question 2

Where does gas exchange occur

Answer 2

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs

Question 3

What happens during gas exchange

Answer 3

Oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells from the alveolus
At the same time, Carbon Dioxide is diffused out of the plasma into the alveolus to be breathed out

Question 4

Name the parts of the respiratory system

Answer 4

Trachea
Ribs
Bronchiole
Bronchus
Intercostal muscle
Diaphragm

Question 5

What is the thorax

Answer 5

The thorax is the top part of the body

Question 6

Where are the lungs found

Answer 6

The lungs are found in the thorax

Question 7

Function of the ribs

Answer 7

To protect the lungs and the heart
To help inflate the lungs

Question 8

respiratory Parts that make up thorax

Answer 8

Intercostal muscles
rib
lungs
heart
bronchiole
heart
alveoli
bronchi
trachea

Question 9

respiratory Parts that make up abdomen

Answer 9

Diaphragm

Question 10

What is the diaphragm

Answer 10

The diaphragm is a strong sheet of muscle

Question 11

What is the job of the ventilation system

Answer 11

The job of the ventilation system is to move air in and out of the lungs, which provide an efficient surface for gas exchange in the alveoli

Question 12

What is the trachea contain , why is this helpful

Answer 12

Rings of cartilage - prevent the trachea from collapsing during inhalation.

Question 13

What happens when you breathe in and out.

Answer 13

When you breathe in, oxygen-rich air moves into the lungs through the trachea. This maintains a steep concentration gradient with the blood. As a result, oxygen continually diffuses into the bloodstream through the gas exchange surfaces of the alveoli. Breathing out removes carbon dioxide-rich air from the lungs. This maintains a concentration gradient so carbon dioxide can continually diffuse out of the bloodstream into the air in the lungs.

Question 13

How is ventilation brought about by the different parts of the respiratory system

Answer 13

Ventilating the lungs is brought about by the contraction and relaxation of the intercostal muscles between the ribs and the diaphragm, changing the pressure inside the chest cavity so air is forced in or out of the lungs as a result of differences in pressure.

Question 14

Fill in the table

Atmospheric gas
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide

% of air breathed in

% of air breathed out

Answer 14

Atmospheric gas
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide

% of air breathed in
approx. 80
approx. 20
0.04

% of air breathed out
approx. 80
approx. 16
4

Question 15

Fill in the sentence

The trachea splits into two smaller tubes called ________ with one passing to each lung

Answer 15

The trachea splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi with one passing to each lung

Question 16

Fill in the sentence

The bronchi subdivide into many smaller tubes called ____________

Answer 16

The bronchi subdivide into many smaller tubes called bronchioles

Question 17

Fill in the sentence

The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called _______

Answer 17

The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli

Question 18

Adaptions of the lungs to make gas exchange more efficient

Answer 18

The lungs are made up of clusters of Alveoli that provide a very large surface area. This is important for achieving the most effective diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The alveoli in the lungs have a rich supply of blood capillaries. This maintains a concentration gradient in both directions. The blood coming to the lungs is always relatively low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide compared to inhaled air. As a result, gas exchange takes place down the steepest concentration gradients possible. This makes the exchange rapid and effective.

The layer of cells between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries is also very thin (one cell wide). This allows diffusion to take place over the shortest possible distance.

Question 19

Explain how breathing increases the rate of diffusion

Answer 19

Breathing increases the rate of diffusion. Breathing brings fresh oxygen into the alveoli and takes away the carbon dioxide. This makes the concentration gradients high for these gases. This increases the rate of diffusion

Question 20

Bob takes 91 breaths in 7 minutes.
Calculate his average breathing rate in breathes per minute

Answer 20

breaths per minute = number of breaths / number of minutes

= 91 / 7
= 13 breaths per minute