Diseases & viral diseases

Question 1

State the two types of disease

Answer 1

Types of disease
Communicable
Non-communicable

Question 2

Define communicable disease

Answer 2

Communicable disease is a disease able to be transmitted from one sufferer to another; contagious or infectious

Question 3

Define Non-communicable

Answer 3

Non-communicable disease is a medical condition or disease that is non-infectious or non-transmissible

Question 4

Define the term ‘health’

Answer 4

Health is a state of physical and mental well-being

Question 5

How is ill health caused

Answer 5

Ill health can be caused by both communicable and non-communicable diseases
It can also be caused by poor diet, high levels of stress and other life-situations e.g. working with harmful chemicals

Question 6

How health problems interact

Answer 6

Viruses living in cells cells can trigger changes that lead to cancers 0 e.g. the human papilloma virus can cause cervical cancer.

People with a defective immune system are much likely to suffer from infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS

Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen, can trigger allergies to factors in the environment. These allergies may cause skin rashes, hives or asthma.

Physical and mental health are often closely linked. Severe physical ill health can lead to depression and other mental illnesses

Question 7

What are communicable disease spread by

Answer 7

Communicable diseases are spread by pathogens

Question 8

What causes infectious disease

Answer 8

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganism - pathogen

Question 9

List the 4 types of pathogens

Answer 9

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists

Question 10

Which microorganisms cause the majority of communicable disease in humans

Answer 10

Bacteria and Viruses

Question 11

Which microorganisms cause the majority of communicable disease in plants

Answer 11

Viruses and Fungi

Question 12

Describe the structure of viruses

Answer 12

Viruses usually have a regular shape

Question 13

Complete the sentence
_______ cause disease in every type of living organism

Answer 13

Viruses cause disease in every type of living organism

Question 14

How do bacteria cause disease

Answer 14

Once inside the human body, bacteria divide rapidly by splitting in two (called binary fission).

Bacteria can then release harmful chemicals called toxins.

Toxins damage tissues and make us feel ill.

Question 15

Explain why viruses are different to bacteria

Answer 15

Unlike bacteria viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. They can only reproduce inside a host cell.

Question 16

How do viruses cause disease

Answer 16

Viruses take over the cells of your body. They live and reproduce inside the cells, damaging and destroying them.

The virus invades the host cell and then reproduces inside the host cell
This is very damaging to the cell.
When the virus leaves the cell, it can cause the cell to burst open and die.

Question 17

How can pathogens spread

Answer 17

Pathogens can spread:
By air
Direct contact
By water

Question 18

Example of pathogens spread by air

Answer 18

e.g. in water droplets (influenza)
When you are ill, you expel

Question 19

Example of pathogens spread by direct contact

Answer 19

e.g. HIV

Question 20

Example of pathogens spread by water

Answer 20

e.g. cholera

Question 21

How to prevent the spread of pathogens

Answer 21

Hand washing - especially after using the toilet, before cooking or after contact with an animal or someone who has an infectious illness

Using disinfectants on kitchen work surfaces, toilets etc. to reduce the number of pathogens

Keeping raw meat away from food that is eaten uncooked to prevent the spread of pathogens

Couching or sneezing into a handkerchief, tissue or your hands (and then washing your hand)

Maintaining the hygiene of people and agricultural machinery to help prevent the spread of plant diseases.

Question 22

`Define the term pathogen

Answer 22

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease

Question 23

State some examples of viral diseases

Answer 23

Measles
HIV - develops into AIDS
Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Question 24

State the symptoms of measles

Answer 24

A fever and a red skin rash

Question 25

What is the prevention/treatment of measles

Answer 25

No treatment
An infected person needs to be isolated to stop the spread of the virus
Vaccination

Question 26

State the method of transport of measles

Answer 26

The measles virus is spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes and
coughs. (airborne)

Question 27

When does AIDS occur

Answer 27

AIDS occurs when the body’s immune system
becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers

Question 28

What is aids

Answer 28

Aids is late-stage HIV

Question 29

State the symptoms of HIV/AIDS

Answer 29

Mild, flu-like illness

Question 30

State the method of transport of HIV/AIDS

Answer 30

HIV is spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids
such as blood which occurs when drug users share needles.

Question 31

State the prevention/treatment of HIV/AIDS

Answer 31

Use condoms
Not sharing needles
Screening blood use for transfusions
PreP( a drug that stops viruses from reproducing)

Question 32

State the symptoms of TMV

Answer 32

A distinctive ‘mosaic’
pattern of discolouration on the leaves

Question 33

State the method of transport of TMV

Answer 33

Spread by the contact between diseased plant material
Contaminated equipment/handling

Question 34

Prevention/Treatment of TMV

Answer 34

No treatment
Farmers grow TMV-resistant strains of many crop plants
Good field hygiene and good pest control can help prevent the spread of TMV
Burning affected plants

Question 35

What does TMV do
Give an example of plant species affected by TMV

Answer 35

TMV gives a distinctive ‘mosaic’
pattern of discolouration on the leaves which affects the growth of the
plant due to lack of photosynthesis.

EXAMPLE: Tomatoes