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GCSE Biology > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

Name three types of blood vessel

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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2
Q

What are arteries

A

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse

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3
Q

What are capillaries

A

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick.

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4
Q

What are veins

A

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood away from the organs towards the heart. They usually prevent the backflow of blood.

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5
Q

What are valves

A

Valves are structures within the heart or a vein which prevents blood flowing in the wrong direction.

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6
Q

Complete the sentence

The heart pumps blood into _______

A

The heart pumps blood into arteries

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7
Q

Complete the sentence

Arteries carry blood _______ from the heart

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

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8
Q

Complete the sentence

Arteries divide into very thin blood vessels called ______

A

Arteries divide into very thin blood vessels called capillaries

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9
Q

Where do capillaries go

A

Capillaries go between the cells of the body.

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10
Q

What do capillaries join up to make

A

Capillaries join up to make valves

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11
Q

What type of structure do valves have

A

Valves have veins

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12
Q

Complete the sentence

Veins carry blood ________ to the heart

A

Veins carry blood back to the heart

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13
Q

State the function of arteries

A

Arteries carry very high pressure blood from the heart to the organs of the body. This blood is usually bright-red oxygenated blood.

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14
Q

How does the structure of arteries relate to their function

A

Arteries have very thick muscular walls. This allows them to withstand the very high pressure of blood

Arteries have elastic fibres which stretch when the surge of blood passes through and recoil in between surges which keeps the blood moving.

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15
Q

Draw and label arteries, veins and capillaries

A

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/diagram%20of%20blood%20vessels%20textbook%20+%20exercise%20book.pdf

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16
Q

What is the structure of the wall of arteries

A

Arteries have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibres

17
Q

When does blood travel through arteries

A

Blood travels through the arteries in surges every time the heart beats.

18
Q

Describe the change in shape of arteries as blood passes through them

A

The arteries stretch as the blood is forced through them and go back into shape afterwards.

19
Q

What can the surge of blood be felt as in your body

A

The surge of blood can be felt in the wrist (where the arteries run close to the skins surface) as the pulse

20
Q

What is the lumen

A

Lumen is the channel in the blood vessel that carries blood

21
Q

What happens when the blood passes through capillaries

A

When the blood passes through capillaries, substance such as glucose and oxygen diffuse from the blood to the cells.

22
Q

What happens when the blood passes through capillaries

A

When the blood passes through capillaries, substance such as glucose and oxygen diffuse from the blood to the cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells back to the blood.

23
Q

What is the structure of the walls of capillaries

A

Capillaries have very thin walls

24
Q

How does the structure of capillaries relate to their function

A

Capillaries have very thin walls, so the diffusion path is very short.
This allows substances (such as glucose, oxygen and carbon dioxide) to diffuse rapidly between the blood and the body cells.

25
Q

Complete the sentence

Once the blood has passed through the organs, it now makes its way back to the heart in ________

A

Once the blood has passed through the organs, it now makes its way back to the heart in veins

26
Q

What other blood vessels do capillaries link

A

Capillaries link the arteries and the veins

27
Q

State the purpose of capillaries

A

Capillaries carry blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange substances with them

28
Q

State the purpose of veins

A

Veins carry blood away from the organs towards the heart.

29
Q

What colour is oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood

A

Oxygenated blood - bright red
De-oxygenated blood - deep purple-red

30
Q

Do veins have a pulse
Do arteries have a pulse

A

Veins do not have a pulse
Arteries have a pulse

31
Q

What is the potential problem of when blood passes through veins back to the heart

A

The blood is now travelling slowly at low pressure. This means that it could stop or go backwardsd.

32
Q

What is the structure of the walls of veins

A

Veins have thin walls (much thinner than arteries).

33
Q

How does the structure of veins relate to their function

A

Veins have a thin wall. This is because the blood pressure is low so the wall does not need to be thick

Veins contain valves. The job of valves is to prevent the back flow of blood.

Veins have a large lumen to help the blood flow despite the lower pressure

34
Q

Explain how valves work

A

The valves open as the blood flows through them towards the heart, but if the blood starts to flow backwards the valves close and prevent the backflow of blood. The blood is squeezed back towards the heart by the action of the skeletal muscle

35
Q

Fill in the sentences
Arteries branch into _____
Capillaries eventually join up to form ____________
The heart pumps the blood out at __________

A

Arteries branch into capillaries
Capillaries eventually join up to form veins
The heart pumps the blood out at high pressure

36
Q

How to calculate the rate of blood flow

1464 ml of blood passed through an artery in 4.5 minutes. Calculate the rate of blood flow through the artery in ml/min

A

rate of blood flow = volume of blood / number of minutes

= 1464 / 4.5
= 325 ml/min

37
Q

Describe the Walls of the types of blood vessels

Describe the pressure of blood in the blood vessels

Descibe the size of lumen in the blood vessels

A

Artery
Thick, muscular
High pressure
small lumen

Capillary
Very thin
Low pressure
very small lumen

Vein
Thin
Low pressure
large lumen

GCSE Biology (51 decks)

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