Blood vessels Flashcards
Name three types of blood vessel
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are arteries
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse
What are capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick.
What are veins
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood away from the organs towards the heart. They usually prevent the backflow of blood.
What are valves
Valves are structures within the heart or a vein which prevents blood flowing in the wrong direction.
Complete the sentence
The heart pumps blood into _______
The heart pumps blood into arteries
Complete the sentence
Arteries carry blood _______ from the heart
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Complete the sentence
Arteries divide into very thin blood vessels called ______
Arteries divide into very thin blood vessels called capillaries
Where do capillaries go
Capillaries go between the cells of the body.
What do capillaries join up to make
Capillaries join up to make valves
What type of structure do valves have
Valves have veins
Complete the sentence
Veins carry blood ________ to the heart
Veins carry blood back to the heart
State the function of arteries
Arteries carry very high pressure blood from the heart to the organs of the body. This blood is usually bright-red oxygenated blood.
How does the structure of arteries relate to their function
Arteries have very thick muscular walls. This allows them to withstand the very high pressure of blood
Arteries have elastic fibres which stretch when the surge of blood passes through and recoil in between surges which keeps the blood moving.
Draw and label arteries, veins and capillaries
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What is the structure of the wall of arteries
Arteries have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibres
When does blood travel through arteries
Blood travels through the arteries in surges every time the heart beats.
Describe the change in shape of arteries as blood passes through them
The arteries stretch as the blood is forced through them and go back into shape afterwards.
What can the surge of blood be felt as in your body
The surge of blood can be felt in the wrist (where the arteries run close to the skins surface) as the pulse
What is the lumen
Lumen is the channel in the blood vessel that carries blood
What happens when the blood passes through capillaries
When the blood passes through capillaries, substance such as glucose and oxygen diffuse from the blood to the cells.
What happens when the blood passes through capillaries
When the blood passes through capillaries, substance such as glucose and oxygen diffuse from the blood to the cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells back to the blood.
What is the structure of the walls of capillaries
Capillaries have very thin walls
How does the structure of capillaries relate to their function
Capillaries have very thin walls, so the diffusion path is very short.
This allows substances (such as glucose, oxygen and carbon dioxide) to diffuse rapidly between the blood and the body cells.
Complete the sentence
Once the blood has passed through the organs, it now makes its way back to the heart in ________
Once the blood has passed through the organs, it now makes its way back to the heart in veins
What other blood vessels do capillaries link
Capillaries link the arteries and the veins
State the purpose of capillaries
Capillaries carry blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange substances with them
State the purpose of veins
Veins carry blood away from the organs towards the heart.
What colour is oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood - bright red
De-oxygenated blood - deep purple-red
Do veins have a pulse
Do arteries have a pulse
Veins do not have a pulse
Arteries have a pulse
What is the potential problem of when blood passes through veins back to the heart
The blood is now travelling slowly at low pressure. This means that it could stop or go backwardsd.
What is the structure of the walls of veins
Veins have thin walls (much thinner than arteries).
How does the structure of veins relate to their function
Veins have a thin wall. This is because the blood pressure is low so the wall does not need to be thick
Veins contain valves. The job of valves is to prevent the back flow of blood.
Veins have a large lumen to help the blood flow despite the lower pressure
Explain how valves work
The valves open as the blood flows through them towards the heart, but if the blood starts to flow backwards the valves close and prevent the backflow of blood. The blood is squeezed back towards the heart by the action of the skeletal muscle
Fill in the sentences
Arteries branch into _____
Capillaries eventually join up to form ____________
The heart pumps the blood out at __________
Arteries branch into capillaries
Capillaries eventually join up to form veins
The heart pumps the blood out at high pressure
How to calculate the rate of blood flow
1464 ml of blood passed through an artery in 4.5 minutes. Calculate the rate of blood flow through the artery in ml/min
rate of blood flow = volume of blood / number of minutes
= 1464 / 4.5
= 325 ml/min
Describe the Walls of the types of blood vessels
Describe the pressure of blood in the blood vessels
Descibe the size of lumen in the blood vessels
Artery
Thick, muscular
High pressure
small lumen
Capillary
Very thin
Low pressure
very small lumen
Vein
Thin
Low pressure
large lumen
