Unit 1 (Body Systems): Cardiovascular System)

Question 1

Define atrium.

Answer 1

Receiving chamber, taking blood from either the body or the lungs.

Question 2

Define ventricle.

Answer 2

The pumping chamber, blood is ejected to either the body or the lungs.

Question 3

Define valves.

Answer 3

Prevent backflow of blood.

Question 4

Define stroke volume.

Answer 4

Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction.

Question 5

Define heart rate.

Answer 5

Number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm).

Question 6

Define cardiac output.

Answer 6

Volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute (CO = SV x HR).

Question 7

Define the double pump system.

Answer 7

Both sides work at the same time.

Question 8

What transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Answer 8

Pulmonary vein.

Question 9

What transports blood from the left ventricle to the body?

Answer 9

Aorta.

Question 10

What transports blood from the body to the right atrium?

Answer 10

Vena cava.

Question 11

What transports blood from the right ventricle back to the lungs?

Answer 11

Pulmonary artery.

Question 12

What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 12

Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

Question 13

What is the function of the semi-lunar aortic?

Answer 13

Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle.

Question 14

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 14

Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.

Question 15

What is the function of the semi-lunar pulmonary valve?

Answer 15

Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.

Question 16

What are the two systems in the heart called?

Answer 16

Systemic and pulmonary.

Question 17

What is the typical stroke volume of an adult?

Answer 17

70ml (50-100ml range)

Question 18

What is the typical heart rate?

Answer 18

60-80bpm

Question 19

What is the typical resting cardiac output value?

Answer 19

5l/min

Question 20

How do you work out maximum heart rate?

Answer 20

220-age

Question 21

What are pre-capillary sphincters?

Answer 21

Contained in arterioles to support the redistribution of blood.

Question 22

What is venous return?

Answer 22

Return of blood back to the heart.

Question 23

Describe arteries

Answer 23

Carry blood away from the body
Always oxygenated apart from the Pulmonary Artery (heart to lungs) which is deoxygenated.
Thick muscular wall
Small lumen (passageway of blood)
Contain blood under high pressure.

Question 24

Describe veins

Answer 24

Carry blood to the heart
Always deoxygenated apart from the Pulmonary Vein which carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
Larger lumen
Contain blood under low pressure therefore contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 25

Describe venules

Answer 25

Vessels that connect veins to capillaries (Smaller veins)

Question 26

Describe arterioles

Answer 26

Vessels that connect arteries to capillaries (Smaller arteries)

Question 27

Describe capillaries

Answer 27

One cell thick - to maximise the rate of diffusion. Very thin walls. Surrounds alveoli and muscle tissues

Question 28

What are arteries?

Answer 28

Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 29

What are arterioles?

Answer 29

Connect arteries to capillaries, smaller version of arteries.

Question 30

What are capillaries?

Answer 30

Vessels that are one cell thick, which enables nutrients and gases to pass through them.

Question 31

What are venules?

Answer 31

Vessels that connect capillaries to veins, smaller version of veins.

Question 32

What are veins?

Answer 32

Vessels that have a large lumen, with valves inside to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 33

Define tunica

Answer 33

Layer or sheath (latin term)

Question 34

What is the adventia/externa?

Answer 34

Outside layer of an artery or vein

Question 35

What is the media?

Answer 35

Middle layer of an artery or vein

Question 36

What is the intima?

Answer 36

The inside layer of an artery or vein, the only layer of a capillary.

Question 37

What is the lumen?

Answer 37

Space in the inside of an artery, vein or capillary which blood passes through.

Question 38

What is vein placement?

Answer 38

Veins are often located within the muscles or between muscle and bones. The advantage to this is that as the muscles contract they also squeeze the veins. Combined with the pocket valves, this is an effective way to return venous blood back to the heart.

Question 39

Describe oxygen

Answer 39

(O2), A key element in aerobic production of energy.

Question 40

Describe Carbon Dioxide`

Answer 40

(CO2), The by-product of aerobic energy production.

Question 41

Describe haemoglobin

Answer 41

(Hb), The part of blood that carries oxygen.

Question 42

Describe oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 42

(HbO2), The name given to haemoglobin when carrying oxygen.

Question 43

Describe white blood cells

Answer 43

The cells in the blood responsible for protecting you from infection and disease.

Question 44

Describe platelets

Answer 44

The cells that stop you from bleeding when you cut yourself.

Question 45

Describe plasma

Answer 45

The fluid that enables all the other cells to move around the body.

Question 46

What are the short term effects of physical activity on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 46

Increases the heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. Harder the work the greater the rise. Intensity and duration related to their fitness.

Question 47

What are the long term effects of physical activity on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 47

Cardiovascular system adapt to these changes. Increases the resting and exercising stroke volume. Resting heart rate is reduced and maximal cardiac output is increased.

Question 48

How does a warm up help the cardiovascular system?

Answer 48

Increasing heart rate, increases venous return which then increases stroke volume. Increased cardiac output and the respiratory and muscle pumps are activated.