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BIOLOGY IGCSE > Unit 1 Biology > Flashcards

Unit 1 Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics?

A 
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
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2
Q

What does Movement mean?

A

An action of an organism or part of an organism causing it to change the position or place

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3
Q

What does Respiration mean?

A

Chemical Reaction in the cells by breaking down food and releasing it as energy for metabolism.

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4
Q

What does Sensitivity mean?

A

The ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal and external environment and can respond accordingly.

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5
Q

What does Growth mean?

A

A permanent increase of size or dry mass by the increase of the number of cells or cell size or both.

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6
Q

What does Reproduction mean?

A

To produce more of the same kind of organism.

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7
Q

What does Excretion mean?

A

To get rid of waste substances of metabolism, toxic substances and materials of excess requirements of the organism.

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8
Q

What does Nutrition mean?

A

The intake of nutrients for growth, energy and movement

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9
Q

What is the production of energy carried out in cells?

A

Respiration

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10
Q

What is the definition of species?

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

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11
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is the genetic material that is passed on from one generation to the next.

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12
Q

What happens when two different animals mate?

A

They produce infertile offspring and cannot reproduce.

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13
Q

Name the 7 categories that we use to classify animals.

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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14
Q

Name three characteristics of the animal kingdom

A

Multi cellular
Nucleus
Heterotrophs

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15
Q

Name five characteristics of the Plant kingdom

A 
Photosynthesis
Multi cellular
Have nuclei and chloroplasts
have cellulose cell wall
have stems roots and leaves
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16
Q

Give 4 Characteristics of the Fungi Kingdom

A

Multi cellular
cell wall containing chitin
nucleus
Feed off dead matter

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17
Q

Give 4 Characteristics of the Protists Kingdom

A

Unicellular
Cell wall
Nucleus
Feed off of others or make their own food

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18
Q

Give 3 Characteristics of Prokaryotes

A

Unicellular
Flexible cell wall
No nucleus

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19
Q

Give 7 characteristics of fish

A 
lateral line 
mucus covering gills
2 chamber hearts
fins
gills 
operculum 
cold blooded
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20
Q

Give 7 characteristics of amphibians

A 
cold blooded
slimy- wet
adult have lungs and young have gills
webbed feet
large mouths
nostrils 
2 chamber hearts
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21
Q

Give 7 characteristics of Reptiles

A 
Dry scaly skin
tail
cold blooded
limbs
lay eggs
mouths 
4 chamber hearts
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22
Q

Give 9 characteristics of Birds

A 
bipedal 
scales covering feet
beaks
wings
feathers
claws 
warm blooded
2 chamber hearts
nostrils
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23
Q

Give 10 characteristics of mammals

A 
Pinna ears
penis 
warm blooded
hair/fur
feed young milk
mouths w teeth
4 chamber hearts
sweat glands
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24
Q

What does endothermic mean?

A

Can regulate body temperature

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25
Q

What does ectothermic mean?

A

Cannot control body temperature

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26
Q

What is the binomial system?

A

The binomial system is a system that is used to be able to classify organisms using genus and species

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27
Q

Give 4 characteristics of myriapods

A

10 or more pairs of legs
no obvious divisions
1 pair of antennae
simple eyes

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28
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Insects

A 
3 pairs of legs
3 body parts
1 pair of antennae
compound eyes
2 pairs of wings
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29
Q

Give 4 characteristics of Crustaceans

A

5 or more pairs of legs
2 body parts
2 pairs of antennae
compound eyes

30
Q

Give 3 characteristics of Arachnids

A

4 pairs of legs
2 body parts
simple eyes

31
Q

What is the cotyledon?

A

The cotyledon stores food for the seed and are the first leaves of the baby plants.

32
Q

What are members of the Plant Kingdom described as?

A

Autotrophs

33
Q

What are protoctists?

A

They are microscopic single- celled organisms.

34
Q

What do Euglena possess?

A

They possess chloroplasts and make their food through photosynthesis

35
Q

What are Amoeba?

A

Amoeba digest solid food and are described as animals.

36
Q

How are fungi produced?

A

They are produced by spores.

37
Q

What are Fungi made up?

A

Fungi are made up of thread like hyphae.

38
Q

What are dichotomous keys used for?

A

They are used to divide the organisms in the key into smaller and smaller groups.

39
Q

What are ribosomes and what do they do?

A

They make protein

40
Q

What Is the Mitochondria?1

A

It is the powerhouse of the cell- respiration occurs here to release energy

41
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

It is a jelly like substance that fills the cell and where most chemical reactions happen

42
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Controls the chemical reactions in the cell.

43
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

44
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Helps keep the cell rigid

45
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

Supports the cell and contains cell sap

46
Q

What are the chloroplasts?

A

Contains the pigment chlorophyll.

47
Q

what do red blood cells do?

A

Transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Has hemoglobin to bind with oxygen

48
Q

What do muscle cell do?

A

Contracts so that the structures can be brought closer together

49
Q

What do ciliated cell do?

A

Has a layer of tiny hairs which can move and push mucus. The mucus transported trapped dust and microbes.

50
Q

What do motor nerve cells do?

A

They conduct nerve impulses. They have a long fiber called axon which impulses a fatty sheath which gives electrical insulation.

51
Q

what do Root hair cells do?

A

They absorb water and minerals from the soil.Has long extension which increases the surface area for absorption.

52
Q

What does the xylem cell do?

A

It transports water and supports the plant.

53
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Studded with ribosomes and is involved in producing and transporting proteins.

54
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in the form of ATP by carrying out aerobic respiration.

55
Q

What is the equation for respiration?

A

Glucose+ oxygen= carbon dioxide+water+ energy

56
Q

Which cells do not have mitochondria?

A

prokaryotes

57
Q

What is the binomial name for a modern day human?

A

Homo Sapiens

58
Q

How do we classify organisms?

A

Using morphology, anatomy and DNA

59
Q

What do ferns have?

A

They have stems leaves and roots ad they reproduce by spores.

60
Q

Where do flowering grow their seeds

A

In the ovary which forms a fruit

61
Q

What are mono cots?

A

Have 1 cotyledon
in the number of 3
parallel veins

62
Q

What are dicots?

A

Have two cotyledon
in the number of 5
branching veins
deep roots

63
Q

What do many cells form?

A

tissue

64
Q

What do many tissues form?

A

an organ

65
Q

What do different organs form together?

A

system

66
Q

What do different systems form together?

A

An organism

67
Q

1m is how many mm?

A

1000mm

68
Q

How many μm in one mm?

A

1000μm

69
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

magnification= measured length/ actual length

70
Q

How many nm in 1 μm?

A

1000nm

71
Q

What are the secretory vesicles?

A

They contain cell products such as hormones or enzymes.

BIOLOGY IGCSE (16 decks)

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