Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY IGCSE > Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do cells need energy for?

A 
Contracting muscels
Making protein molecules 
Cell division 
Active transport
Transmitting nerve impulses
Produce heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uses of energy in the body of humans.

A 
maintenance of a constant body temp
cell division + growth 
active transport 
Passage of nerve impulses
Muscle contraction 
Protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main nutrient used to provide energy?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is respiration?

A

Cells that have to break down glucose molecules to release energy through a series of metabolic reactions which also involves the actions of of enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is aerobic repiration?

A

Cells releasing energy from glucose by combining it with oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the equation for respiration?

A

C6H1206 + 602 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can we investigate aerobic respiration?

A

By measuring the amount of oxygen that they take from the air using a respirometer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do we remove the carbon dioxide?

A

Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a respirometer consist of?

A

Two tubes one containing living organisms and the other containing glass beads to act as a control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens once the apparatus is set up?

A

Movement of the coloured liquid towards the living organism giving a measure of the volume of oxygen taken up for respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Energy released from sugar without using oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?

A

Glucose =(yeast above the equal) ethanol + carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 =(yeast above the equal) 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place in humans?

A

In muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

A

Glucose= lactic acid+ energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does lactic acid do?

A

Lowers the pH level of the cells adn could denature enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to the lactic acid once exercise is done?

A

Blood with lactic acid is passes through thte liver where it is taken to the liver celss where it is oxidised produced carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why do we continue to breathe heavily after exercise?

A

We need to transport lactic acid to the liver and continue getting large amounts of oxygen into the blood to oxidise the lactic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What surrounds the trachea?

A

Rings of cartillage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the rings of catillage?

A

To support the airways and keep them open during breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the passages down to the lungs lined with?

A

Ciliated epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do ciliated epithelial cells have?

A

Tiny hairs that beat and push mucus up the passages towards the nose and throat.

23
Q

Where is mucus made?

A

Goblet cells

24
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Traps particles, pathogens and dust and prevents them from getting into the lungs.

25
Q

What are the ribs?

A

Bone structure that protects internal organs such as lungs

26
Q

What are intercostal muscles?

A

Muscels between ribs which control the movements causing inhalation and exhalation

27
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

Sheet of connective tissue and muscle at the bottom of the thorax that helps change the volume of th ethorax to allow inhalation and exhalation.

28
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Windpipe that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs

29
Q

What is the larynx?

A

When the air passes across here we are able to make sounds

30
Q

What is the bronchi?

A

Large tubes branching of the trachea with one bronchus for each lung.

31
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

Bronchi split to form smaller tubes called bronchioles in the lungs connected to alveoli

32
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place

33
Q

What increases the gas exchange?

A

Larger surface area
Thin walls
Good ventillation with air
Good blood supply

34
Q

What do intercostal muscles do during inhalation?

A

Pull the ribs up and out

They relax

35
Q

What do exhalation muscles do during exhalation?

A

Pull the ribs down and in

They relax

36
Q

What do the diaphragm muscels do during inhalation?

A

Contracts and moves downwards

37
Q

What happens to the lung volume during inhalation?

A

Increases and pressure fall

38
Q

What do the diaphragm muscels do during exhalation?

A

Relax and returns to its dome shape

39
Q

What happens to the lung volume during exhalation?

A

lung volume decreases and pressure increases

40
Q

Describe gas exchange

A

Blood returned from the body have a lack of oxygen
and alveoli have fresh oxygen so a perfect concentration gradient is created as the oxygen diffuses down the gradient into the red blood cells and the CO2 diffuses from the plasma into the alveoli.

41
Q

How much is oxygen in inspired air?

A

21%

42
Q

How much is carbon dioxide in inspired air?

A

0.04%

43
Q

How much is nitrogen in inspired air?

A

78%

44
Q

How much is water vapour in inspired air?

A

Lower

45
Q

How much is oxygen in expired air?

A

16%

46
Q

How much is carbon dioxide in expired air?

A

4%

47
Q

How much is nitrogen in expired air?

A

78%

48
Q

How much is water vapour in expired air?

A

higher

49
Q

What can we use to test for CO2?

A

Limewater- turns cloudy

50
Q

How can we investigate the effect of exercise on breathing?

A

By counting the breaths taken during one minute

51
Q

What do we expect would happen to the frequency and depth of breathing?

A

The number of breaths will increase and chest expansion increase

52
Q

Why does frequency and depth of breathing increase during exercise?

A

Bc of muscles are working harder and aerobically respiring more and need more oxygen to be delivered to them to keep up the energy demand.

53
Q

What happens as respiration increases?

A

More CO2 is produced and enters the blood

54
Q

What does the increase the CO2 concentration do to the brain?

A

Stimulates receptor cells that send impulses to the muscles of the lungs causing them to contract and move more strongly

BIOLOGY IGCSE (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions