Unit 1 Flashcards
Components of Macromolecules
(components) C N P
Carbohydrates yes
Protein yes yes
Nucleic Acids yes yes yes
Lipids yes yes
Why are Carbons Special
They can chain, branch, and form rings
Monomer to Polymer
- Monosaccharide - Carbohydrate
- Amino Acid - Protein
- Nucleotide - Nucleic Acid
- Fatty Acid - Lipids
Nucleic Acid Components
5’ end Phosphate Group on five carbon sugar
3’ end OH hydroxyl group to form a decondensation rxn
Nitrogen Base
Components of a Protein
Amino Group (Beginning)
Peptide Bonds form
Carboxyl Group (End)
DNA Directionality
Three Carbon and Five phosphorus are anti-parallel - new components can only be added to the three carbon end
DNA vs RNA
DNA
1. Double stranded
2. Deoxyribose (H attached to Carbon Ring)
3. Thymine
RNA
1. Single stranded
2. Ribose sugar (OH attached to Carbon Ring)
3. Uracil
Hydrogen Bond
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
Cohesion
Attraction to itself (water)
Adhesion
Attraction to something other than itself because it is more electronegative
Capillary Action
Water Climbing up a glass rod due to adhesion
Surface Tension
The tension caused due to cohesion
Convex Meniscus
Meniscus caused by cohesion
Concave Meniscus
Meniscus caused by adhesion
RNA Creation Steps
- RNA attaches to DNA
- mRNA is grabbed my tRNA
- tRNA synthesis Proteins
Dehydration/Condensation Reaction
H2O is released by forming a polymer from monomers
Carbon Ratio
(CH2O)n
Why is Water special?
High Heat Capacity
Expansion on freezing
cohesion/adhesion
its polarity
surface tension
hydrolysis
breaking down polymers to monomers, which needs water
trace elements
elements present only small amounts in a particular sample or environment.
radiometric dating
attempting to find the age of a fossil by observing the radioactive isotopes like C14
alkaline
high pH or basic
fructose
a simple sugar or monosaccharide - carbohydrate
Organic Compounds
Has BOTH hydrogen and Carbon
Inorganic Compounds
does not have both
hydrogen or carbon
How many Hydrogen bonds does AT in DNA have?
2
How many hydrogen bonds does CG in DNA have?
3
Buffers
purpose: fights back drastic changes in pH levels in an organism
How?
a weak acid is made or made into a base depending on the pH level - which is dictated by the number of H+ ions
What do lipids do?
- energy storage - in simple fats
- cell membranes
- insulation
steriods
nonpolar lipids made by modifying cholesterol
used for medicine
What determines the character of a protein?
the R group
