Unit 1

Question 1

Addiction is not

Answer 1

drug dependence
drug abuse
bad habit

Question 2

Addiction is

Answer 2

loss of control
catastrophic consequences
decrease in pleasure

Question 3

Addiction (definition)

Answer 3

Brain disorder defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use despite adverse consequences

Question 4

Why do we consider addiction a disease

Answer 4

it is treatable, preventable, modifies biology, and has genetic factors

Question 5

iRISA stands for

Answer 5

Impaired response inhibition & salience attribution

Question 6

iRISA process

Answer 6

take drug – craving – binge (loss of control) – withdrawl – relapse

Question 7

Cravings are induced by

Answer 7

triggers (e.g. stress)

Question 8

Impairments in which six brain networks

Answer 8

Executive network
salience network
reward network
habit network
self-directed network
memory network

Question 9

Impaired decision-making is associated with which part of the brain?

Answer 9

the Prefrontal cortex

Question 10

After how long in recovery did patients show improvements in cognitive control/flexibility by increased accuracy on WST

Answer 10

after 6-months clean

Question 11

What is the disease model debate?

Answer 11

Proponents emphasize that it can help relieve individuals addicted to substances of debilitating feelings of guilt
Treatment including harm reduction and policy initiatives will receive attention and funding
Society will benefit if addicted individuals are treated medically

Question 12

Why is free will an object of debate?

Answer 12

addiction could compromise an individual’s ability to choose freely between alternative courses of action

Question 13

Risk factor (definition)

Answer 13

biological, psychological, family, community, and SE factors that are associated with an increased likelihood of negative consequences

Question 14

Protective factor (definition)

Answer 14

characteristics associated with a decreased likelihood of negative outcomes or that reduce the potency of a risk factor

Question 15

Domains of risk/protective factors

Answer 15

Individual
Family
Peer
Community

Question 16

How does green space serve as a protective factor?

Answer 16

development of better stress-processing ability and less need to self-medicate

Question 17

What aspects of the family environment can serve as protective factors?

Answer 17

Authoritative and emotionally responsive parenting approach
Two parent home + involvement
Higher parent education and SE status
Consistency + dependability

Question 18

What aspects of the prenatal environment serve as risk factors?

Answer 18

prenatal anxiety is often associated with child externalizing difficulties and verbal IQ – leads to mental health issues and a higher desire to self-medicate

Question 19

What aspects of the economic environment can serve as risk factors?

Answer 19

young children with income below the poverty line score lower on measures of prefrontal functioning (decision-making + attention)

Question 20

Heritability is responsible for how much of the population’s variability in developing an addiction.

Answer 20

40-60%

Question 21

Polymorphism (definition)

Answer 21

genetic variation

Question 22

If your transmitter receptor is a variant when you release the transmitter that affects that receptor…

Answer 22

the effect may be different

Question 23

There are over ______________ that lead to variant proteins that are associated with vulnerability to addiction

Answer 23

100 polymorphisms

Question 24

Individual protective factors

Answer 24

perception of substance abuse
affiliating with a prosocial group
secure attachment
emotional regulation skills
temperament
self-competence
healthy coping skills