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Psych of Addiction > Processes and Behavioral Addictions > Flashcards

Processes and Behavioral Addictions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a process addiction?

A

repetitive, persistent behaviors, where there is an inability to stop despite the negative consequences

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2
Q

What makes process addictions ‘addictions’?

A

cravings, bingeing, tolerance, withdrawal
stimulation of endogenous chemicals
failure to control behavior regardless of adverse and catastrophic consequences

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3
Q

Pornography addiction (definition)

A

where the consumption of pornography (material describing or showing sexual acts and is meant to arousing to the viewer) may become harmful and compulsive

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4
Q

Why do people watch porn?

A

Enhance sexual arousal
learn about sex
loneliness
boredom
decrease shame about sex
confirm sexual orientation

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5
Q

How can porn be potentially helpful?

A

education
shame reduction
normalize homosexual/bisexual behavior
normalize personal behavior
stress reduction

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6
Q

Issues for young porn viewers

A

more frequent engagement in risky sex
experience sexually coercive partners
male adolescents who report regular porn use exhibit higher levels of aggression

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7
Q

Issues Arising as a result of pornography

A

miseducation
exploitation/abuse
physical issues
addiction

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8
Q

Subject who reported high exposure to pornography reported physical problems such as

A

pornography-induced erectile dysfunction
pornography-induced abnormally low libido
lower sexual responsibility with partners
increased need for more extremely specialized and “kinky” videos

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9
Q

Neurobiological underpinnings of porn addiction

A

Novelty; compelling because it creates increases in dopamine in regions of the brain associated with reward and goal-directed behavior

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10
Q

Salient Qualities of Internet Porn that Stimulate Dopamine

A

mesolimbic dopamine activity also nehanced by properties often associated with internet pornography
violation of expectations
anticipation of reward/anxiety

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11
Q

ICD-11 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

A

a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behavior manifested in one or more of the following:
- engaging in sexual behaviors has become a central focus of the individual’s life to the point of neglecting personal responsibilities
- numerous unsuccessful efforts to control or reduce behaviors
- continuing behaviors despite adverse consequences/no pleasure

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12
Q

Controversy regarding sex addiction

A

Some think its a myth; excuse for questionable moral behavior
could describe someone with a higher-than-average sex drive

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13
Q

Prevalence of sex addiction

A

Research suggests 1 in 25 people struggle with “sex addiction”

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14
Q

Varying presentation of sex addiction

A

some show characteristics of impulse control disorder
some exhibit sexual obsessions and compulsions like OCD

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15
Q

Similarities to OCD

A

obsessions - unsuccessful attempts to ignore or suppress
compulsions - driven to perform the compulsion to reduce the distress of obsession
impulsion - failure to resist

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16
Q

Common characteristics of Sex Addiction

A

emotional insecurity
low frustration tolerance
acting out behaviors
marital instability
anxiety
social isolation
underlying depression
85% are males

17
Q

Characteristics of Sex Addicts

A

shame and depression
abusive and explotative behavior
Double-life in secracy
Appereance maintenance

18
Q

Gambling Disorder DSM-5 definition

A

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

19
Q

Gambling Disorder DSM-5 Criteria

A
  • needs to gamble with increasing abouts of money to achieve desired excitement (tolerance)
  • restless/irritable when attempting to cut down or stop (withdrawal)
  • repeated unsuccessful efforts to control problem
20
Q

How does gambling disorder present similarly to other addictions?

A

tolerance, withdrawal, cravings
Change in salience attribution
gambling as a coping mechanism

21
Q

Pathological gambling is associated with

A

personality disorders
divorce
criminal offending to support gambling
suicidal ideation and attempts
alcohol misuse

22
Q

Suicidality and Gambling Disorders

A

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are frequent in people with gambling disorder and are substantially greater than the general population

23
Q

Are problem gamblers victims?

A

Casino industry prey on the addiction and lack of control problem gamblers have over their behavior
Offer incentives to customers even if they know they are problem gamblers

24
Q

Heritability in Gambling Disorder

A

50% of total variance in gambling behavior is accounted for by genetics

25
Q

Cognitive Distortions and Gambling DIsorder

A

Gambler’s Fallacy - belief that independent, past events influence independent, future occurrences

26
Q

CBT for Gambling Disorder

A

focus on changing unhealthy gambling behavior and thoughts
teaches how to fight gambling urges and deal with uncomfortable emotions

27
Q

Gambling Disorder is a disease because

A

people cannot control their behavior if the brain areas responsible for such behavior are biologically compromised

28
Q

Why do people play video games?

A

Recreation
Achievement/competition
Sociability
Immersion
Avoid reality or coping

29
Q

When does gaming become pathological?

A

Compulsive, preoccupation, cravings, negative consequences

30
Q

Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMO’s)

A

highest correlation with problem gambling
immersive, connection with other gamers, novelty, variable ratio reinforcement schedule

31
Q

What is Gaming Addiction?

A

Attention bias
Salience Shift
Impaired Decision making

32
Q

Clinical Presentation of Gaming Disorder

A

preoccupation wiwth gaming
withdrawal-like symptoms
tolerance
loss of other interests
used to cope/escape negative emotions
jeopardized relationship/ignoring responsibilities

33
Q

Prevalence of Internet Gaming Across the World

A

Overall increase since COVID-19
Gaming curfews and restrictions in some countries
5% of adolescents around the globe

34
Q

Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying IGD

A

activation in brain regions associated with dopamine
reduced PFC activity related to impulse control and decision-making
reduced functional connectivity in networks involved with cognitive control, executive function, motivation, and reward

35
Q

Attentional Bias in IGD Individuals

A

higher attention to addiction related stimuli (Stroop Color Test)

36
Q

Common Negative Consequences of IGD

A

Neglect ADL’s
Loss of sleep
social isolation
family conflict
financial problems

37
Q

Assessment of IGD

A

DSM or ICD
Quantitative Assessments
Structured Interviews

38
Q

Treatment for IGD

A

residental treatment facilities
outpatient programs
psychoeducation
cognitive therapy
motivational interviewing

39
Q
A

Psych of Addiction (11 decks)

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