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Psych of Addiction > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

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1
Q

Symptoms of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)

A

loss of control
risky use
social/vocational problems
pharmacological/physical symptoms

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2
Q

What comprises loss of control?

A

taken in larger amounts and longer periods than intended
desire + unsuccessful efforts to cut down

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3
Q

What comprises risky use?

A

use in situations in which is it physically hazardous (driving, heavy machinery)
continued use despite knowledge of having a problem

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4
Q

What comprises social/vocational problems?

A

use resulting in failure to fulfill major roles/obligations at work, school, and home

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5
Q

What comprises pharmacological/physical symptoms?

A

exhibits tolerance and withdrawal

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6
Q

Why are pharmacological and physical symptoms not considered when diagnosing someone with OUD?

A

People who are dependent on opioids in a medical context will experience these symptoms; does not necessarily mean they are addicted to opioids

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7
Q

Opiates (definition)

A

chemical compounds extracted or refined from natural plant matter

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8
Q

Examples of opiates

A

morphine
codeine

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9
Q

Opioids (definition)

A

chemical compounds that are not derived from natural plant matter (synthesized in a lab)

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10
Q

Semisynthetic opioid (chemically modified) examples

A

heroin
hydrocodone
oxycodone

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11
Q

Synthetic opioid examples

A

fentanyl

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12
Q

Drug Schedule I Classification

A

no currently accepted medical use and high potential for abuse

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13
Q

Drug Schedule II Classification

A

high potential for abuse and may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence

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14
Q

Drug Schedule III Classification

A

moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence

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15
Q

Drug Schedule IV Classification

A

low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence

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16
Q

Drug Schedule V Classification

A

lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV

17
Q

How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect the opioid crisis?

A

rates of overdose and relapse significantly rise
total number of nonfatal opioid overdoses increased significantly from 2019 to 2020

18
Q

What are supervised consumption sites (SCS)?

A

clean facilities where individuals with an addiction to IV drugs can inject the drug in the presence of nursing staff prepared to stop overdoses + provide clean needles

19
Q

What are the drivers of the synthetic opioid problem?

A

high efficacy - last longer than semisynthetic
high affinity - bind to multiple receptors rather than one

20
Q

Two parts of Opioid withdrawal

A

Acute Withdrawal Syndrome
Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS)

21
Q

Characteristics of Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (7)

A

lasts 1-5 days
insomnia + restlessness
joint and muscle pain
dysphoria
anxiety
gastrointestinal distress
thermoregulation disturbances

22
Q

Characteristics of Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (4)

A

Lasts min. 6 months
mood disturbances
sleep problems
fatigue

23
Q

Medication-Assisted Treatments

A

use of FDA-approved medications, in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies, in the treatment of substance use disorders

24
Q

What does research suggest about medically-assisted treatment?

A

Research suggests they are effective
decreases in the number of ODs
increases in retention of patients in treatment
decreases drug use, infectious disease transmission, criminal activity

25
Q

Why are MATs so controversial and not more widely used if they are so effective?

A

Related to stigma around individuals who are addicted
They believe people are addicted to drugs of their own free-will rather than an issue of disease

26
Q

What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?

A

Passive exposure of newborn occurs when a mother uses neuroactive drugs during pregnancy
When an infant is deprived of substances through birth, a withdrawal syndrome may develop

27
Q

Factors that alter NAS expression

A

Drug type
Genetics
Sex & gestational age
Physical environment and caregivers

Psych of Addiction (11 decks)

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