Benzodiazepines

Question 1

What are benzodiazepines?

Answer 1

DNS (dynamic neuromuscular stabilization) suppressant with sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic effects

Question 2

Examples of commonly prescribed benzos

Answer 2

Xanax
Klonopin
Valium
Librium

Question 3

Benzos are the most [frequently/rarely] prescribed psychotropic medications in the US

Answer 3

frequently

Question 4

In 2021, approximately 1 in __ adults were prescribed a benzo

Answer 4

1 in 25

Question 4

Mechanism of action

Answer 4

Binds at the interface of the GABA-A receptor and increases its affinity for GABA
Does not alter production or release of GABA, but potentiates its inhibitory actions by enhancing reptor binding
Limits the interneurons restraining influence, more dopamine released

Question 4

Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies results of serious withdrawal include

Answer 4

Memory loss + seizures
Disruption in menstrual cycle
Increase in psychological symptoms
Death (pre-clinical)

Question 5

Why does Xanax (alprazolam) pose a major problem?

Answer 5

Most widely prescribed benzo in the US
Works faster than Valium

Question 6

How many criteria for Sedative, Hypnotic, and Anxiolytic Use Disorder need to be met for diagnosis?

Answer 6

At least 2. 2-3 is considered mild; 4-5 is moderate; 6+ is severe)

Question 7

Associated problems with benzodiazepine use

Answer 7

Memory loss
Tremors
Severe Depression
Seizures

Question 8

Diagnostic Criteria (main 6)

Answer 8

Continued use despite negative consequences
Tolerance, withdrawal, and cravings
Unsuccessful efforts/persistent desire to cut down
Using more or for a longer period than intended
Use in physically hazardous situations
Interpersonal or social problems due to use

Question 9

Primary drivers of benzo problem

Answer 9

Pharma-marketing
Incorrect DEA scheduling
Money/Satisfaction Surveys

Question 10

Long-Term Effects of Benzos (6)

Answer 10

Low energy + sleep disturbances
Difficulty focusing
Memory loss
Anxiety
Digestive issues
Muscle weakness and aches

Question 11

Adverse life consequences reported by high percentage of individuals (8)

Answer 11

Affected relationships
Suicidal thoughts or attempt
Job lost or unable to work
Loss of wages/savings
Increased medical costs
Violent thoughts or violence against others
Lost home, business, or child custody
Problems in social interaction