UNDERSTANDING PARTITION Flashcards
When did the Congress accepted the Separate electorates for Muslims?
The Lucknow Pact of December 1916 was an understanding between the Congress and the Muslim League (controlled by the UP based “Young Party”) whereby the Congress accepted separate electorates. The pact provided a joint political platform for the Moderates Radicals and the Muslim League.
During the 1920s and 1930s tension grew between Hindus and Muslims.
They were irritated by each other’s acts like?
- Muslims– were angered by “music before mosque”, by the cow protection movement and by the efforts of the Arya Samaj to bring back to the Hindu fold (shuddhi) those who had recently converted to Islam.
- Hindus‐ were angered by the rapid spread of tabligh (propaganda) and tanzim (organization) after 1923.
Performance of Congress in 1937 elections?
Absolute majority in five out of eleven provinces and forming governments in seven of them.
Muslim League performance in 1937 elections?
Muslim League failed to win a single seat in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and could capture only two out of 84 reserved constituencies in the Punjab and three out of 33 in Sind.
In the United Provinces, the Muslim League wanted to form a joint government with the Congress.
What did Congress do?
The Congress had won an absolute majority in the Province, so it rejected the offer.
Congress rejected the Muslim League proposal because the League tended to support landlordism, which the Congress wished to abolish, although the party had not yet taken any concrete steps in that direction.
Not did the Congress achieve any substantial gains in the “Muslim mass contact” programme it launched.
Hindu Mahasabha was founded in?
Founded in 1915, the Hindu Mahasabha was a Hindu party that remained confined to North India. It aimed to unite Hindu society by encouraging the Hindus to transcend the divisions of caste and sect. It sought to define Hindu identity in opposition to Muslim identity.
Was Congress members allowed to join Muslim league and Hindu Mahasabha?
Maulana Azad, an important Congress leader pointed out in 1937 that members of the Congress were not allowed to join the League, yet Congressmen were active in the Hindu Mahasabha at least in the Central Provinces (present-day Madhya Pradesh). Only in December 1938 did the Congress Working Committee declare that Congress members could not be members of the Mahasabha. Incidentally, this was also the period when the Hindu Mahasabha and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) were gaining strength. The latter spread from its Nagpur base to the United Provinces, the Punjab.
Origin of demand of Pakistan?
- On 23 March 1940, the League moved a resolution demanding a measure of autonomy for the Muslim majority areas of the subcontinent. This ambiguous resoluton never mentioned partition or Pakistan.
- In fact Sikandar Hayat Khan, Punjab Premier and leader of the Unionist Party, who had drafted the resoluton, declared in a Punjab assembly speech on 1 March 1941 that he was opposed to a Pakistan that would mean “Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj somewhere.
- The origins of the Pakistan demand have also been traced back to the urdu poet Mohammed Iqbal, the writer of “Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamara”.
Book Punjabi century, 1857-1947 is written by?
Prakash Tandon.
Book “The Other Side” is written by?
Urvashi Bautalia.
Who were muhajirs?
Urdu speaking people, known as muhajirs (migrants) in Pakistan moved to the karachi Hyderabad region in Sind.
Book “Siyah Hashiye (Black Margins)” is written by?
Saadat Hasan Manto.
Love is Stronger than Hate: A Remembrance of 1947 is written by?
Khushdeva Singh (doctor).
The name Pakistan is coined by?
The name Pakistan or Pak-stan (from Punjab, Afghan, Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan) was coined by a Punjabi Muslim student at Cambridge, Choudhry Rehmat Ali, who, in pamphlets written in 1933 and 1935 desired a separate national status for this new entity.
