FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY

Question 1

FIRST ENGLISH FACTORY IN BENGAL WAS ESTABLISHED ON RIVER_______ IN ______. THIS WAS THE BASE FROM WHICH THE COMPANY’S TRADERS KNOWN AT THAT TIME AS ________ OPERATED.

Answer 1

RIVER HUGLI, 1651.
FACTORS.

Question 2

WHICH MUGHAL EMPEROR ISSUED A FARMAN GRANTING THE EAST INDIA COMPANY THE RIGHT TO TRADE DUTY FREE IN BENGAL?

Answer 2

AURANGZEB.

Question 3

WHY THE FARMAN ISSUED BY AURANGZEB TO EAST INDIA COMPANY TO TRADE DUTY FREE IN BENGAL CAUSED ENORMOUS LOSS OF REVENUE TO BENGAL?

Answer 3

AURANGZEB’S FARMAN, FOR INSTANCE, HAD GRANTED ONLY THE COMPANY THE RIGHT TO TRADE DUTY FREE. BUT THE OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANY, WHO WERE CARRYING ON PRIVATE TRADE ON THE SIDE, WERE EXPECTED TO PAY DUTY. THIS THEY REFUSED TO PAY, CAUSING ENORMOUS LOSS OF REVENUE FOR BENGAL.

Question 4

REASONS THAT LED TO THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY?

Answer 4

• MURSHID QULI KHAN WAS FOLLOWED BY ALIVARDI KHAN AND THEN SIRAJUDDAULAH.
  1. THEY REFUSED TO GRANT THE COMPANY CONCESSIONS.
  2. DEMANDED LARGE TRIBUTES FOR COMPANY’S RIGHT TO TRADE.
  3. DENIED COMPANY ANY RIGHT TO MINT COINS.
  4. STOPPED COMPANY FROM EXTENDING ITS FORTIFICATIONS, ACCUSING THE COMPANY OF DECEIT.
• THIS LED TO CONFRONTATIONS AND FINALLY CULMINATED IN THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY.

Question 5

BATTLE OF PLASSEY?

Answer 5

• SIRAJUDDAULAH CAPTURED KASSIMBAZAR FACTORY, CAPTURED COMPANY’S FORT AT CALCUTTA.
• ROBERT CLIVE, REINFORCED BY NAVAL FLEETS IN 1757 ATTACKED SIRAJUDDAULAH AT PLASSEY (JUNE 23, 1757).

Question 6

WHY SIRAJUDDAULAH LOST BATTLE OF PLASSEY?

Answer 6

FORCES LED BY MIR JAFAR, ONE OF SIRAJUDDAULAH’S COMMANDERS, NEVER FOUGHT THE BATTLE.

Question 7

BATTLE OF BUXAR?

Answer 7

• WHEN MIR JAFAR PROTESTED, THE COMPANY DEPOSED HIM AND INSTALLED MIR QASIM IN HIS PLACE.
• WHEN MIR QASIM COMPLAINED, HE IN TURN WAS DEFEATED IN A BATTLE FOUGHT AT BUXAR (1764), AND MIR JAFAR WAS REINSTALLED.

Question 8

IN WHICH YEAR THE MUGHAL EMPEROR APPOINTED THE COMPANY AS THE DIWAN OF THE PROVINCES OF BENGAL?

Answer 8

12 AUGUST 1765. THE DIWANI ALLOWED THE COMPANY TO USE THE VAST REVENUE RESOURCES OF BENGAL.

Question 9

EFFECT ON OUTFLOW OF GOLD FROM BRITAIN AFTER THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY AND ASSUMPTION OF DIWANI?

Answer 9

• THE OUTFLOW OF GOLD FROM BRITAIN SLOWED AFTER THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY, AND ENTIRELY STOPPED AFTER THE ASSUMPTION OF DIWANI. NOW REVENUES FROM INDIA COULD FINANCE COMPANY EXPENSES.

Question 10

METHODS USED BY EAST INDIA COMPANY TO EXTEND ITS INFLUENCE BEFORE ANNEXING AN INDIAN KINGDOM?

Answer 10

FROM 1757 TO 1857, THE COMPANY RARELY LAUNCHED A DIRECT MILITARY ATTACK ON AN UNKNOWN TERRITORY. INSTEAD IT USED A VARIETY OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND DIPLOMATIC METHODS TO EXTEND ITS INFLUENCE BEFORE ANNEXING AN INDIAN KINGDOM.

Question 11

WHEN RICHARD WELLESLEY WAS THE GOVERNOR GENERAL (1798-1805), THE NAWAB OF ______ WAS FORCED TO GIVE HALF OF HIS TERRITORY TO THE COMPANY IN ________, AS HE HAD FAILED TO PAY FOR THE SUBSIDIARY FORCES.

Answer 11

AWADH, 1801.

Question 12

TRADE AND EXPORT IN MYSORE UNDER HAIDER ALI AND TIPU SULTAN THAT MADE BRITISH FURIOUS?

Answer 12

1. MYSORE CONTROLLED THE PROFITABLE TRADE OF THE MALABAR COAST WHERE THE COMPANY PURCHASED PEPPER AND CARDAMOM.
2. IN 1785 TIPU SULTAN STOPPED THE EXPORT OF SANDALWOOD, PEPPER AND CARDAMOM THROUGH THE PORTS OF HIS KINGDOM, AND DISALLOWED LOCAL MERCHANTS FROM TRADING WITH THE COMPANY.
3. HE ALSO ESTABLISHED A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE FRENCH IN INDIA, AND MODERNISED HIS ARMY WITH THEIR HELP.

Question 13

TIPU SULTAN WAS KILLED DEFENDING HIS CAPITAL _______. MYSORE WAS PLACED UNDER THE FORMER RULING DYNASTY OF THE ______ AND A SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE WAS IMPOSED ON THE STATE.

Answer 13

SERINGAPATAM, WODEYARS.

Question 14

FIRST ANGLO-MARATHA WAR?

Answer 14

• 1782, ENDED WITH THE TREATY OF SALBAI, THERE WAS NO CLEAR VICTOR.

Question 15

SECOND ANGLO MARATHA WAR?

Answer 15

• 1803-05, BRITISH GAINING ORISSA AND THE TERRITORIES NORTH OF THE YAMUNA RIVER INCLUDING AGRA AND DELHI.

Question 16

THIRD ANGLO-MARATHA WAR?

Answer 16

• 1817-19, MARATHA POWER CRUSHED.
• THE PESHWA WAS REMOVED AND SENT AWAY TO BITHUR NEAR KANPUR WITH A PENSION.
• THE COMPANY NOW HAD COMPLETE CONTROL OVER THE TERRITORIES SOUTH OF THE VINDHYAS.

Question 17

POLICY OF PARAMOUNTCY WAS INITIATED UNDER?

Answer 17

• INITIATED UNDER LORD HASTINGS (GG FROM 1813 TO 1823).

Question 18

WHAT IS POLICY OF PARAMOUNTCY?

Answer 18

1. COMPANY CLAIMED THAT ITS AUTHORITY WAS PARAMOUNT OR SUPREME, HENCE ITS POWER WAS GREATER THAN THAT OF INDIAN STATES.
2. IN ORDER TO PROTECT ITS INTERESTS IT WAS JUSTIFIED IN ANNEXING OR THREATENING TO ANNEX ANY KINGDOM.

Question 19

DID POLICY OF PARAMOUNTCY GO UNCHALLENGED?

Answer 19

NO
1. WHEN THE BRITISH TRIED TO ANNEX THE SMALL STATE OF KITOOR (IN KARNATAKA TODAY) RANI CHANNAMMA TOOK TO ARMS AND LED AN ANTI BRITISH RESISTANCE MOVEMENT.
2. SHE WAS ARRESTED IN 1824 AND DIED IN PRISON IN 1829. BUT RAYANNA, A POOR CHOWKIDAR OF SANGOLI IN KITOOR, CARRIED ON THE RESISTANCE. WITH POPULAR SUPPORT HE DESTROYED MANY BRITISH CAMPS AND RECORDS. HE WAS CAUGHT AND HANGED BY THE BRITISH IN 1830.

Question 20

TERM MUFTI IN MODERN HISTORY MEANS?

Answer 20

A JURIST OF THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY RESPONSIBLE FOR EXPOUNDING THE LAW THAT THE QAZI (JUDGE) WOULD ADMINISTER.

Question 21

NEW SYSTEM OF JUSTICE WAS ESTABLISHED BY WHOM AND WHEN?

Answer 21

1772 BY WARREN HASTINGS.

Question 22

EXPLAIN NEW SYSTEM OF JUSTICE ESTABLISHED BY WARREN HASTING?

Answer 22

1. CIVIL COURT (DISTRICT DIWANI ADALAT)
   - PRESIDED OVER BY EUROPEAN DISTRICT COLLECTORS.
   - INTERPRETATION OF INDIAN LAWS BY HINDU AND MAULVIS FOR DC.
   - THE APPEAL FROM DISTRICT DIWANI ADALAT LAY TO THE SADAR DIWANI ADALAT WHICH FUNCTIONED UNDER A PRESIDENT AND TWO MEMBERS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL.
2. CRIMINAL COURT (DISTRICT FAUJDARI ADALAT)
   - PRESIDED OVER BY QAZI AND MUFTI.
   - UNDER SUPERVISION OF THE COLLECTORS.
   - THE APPROVAL FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND FOR ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY LAY TO THE SADAR NIZAMAT ADALAT AT MURSHIDABAD WHICH WAS HEADED BY A DEPUTY NIZAM (AN INDIAN MUSLIM) ASSISTED BY CHIEF QAZI AND CHIEF MUFTI.

Question 23

IMPEACHMENT OF WHICH OFFICIAL OF EAST INDIA COMPANY WAS ATTEMPTED IN BRITISH PARLIAMENT?

Answer 23

WARREN HASTINGS WAS ACCUSED OF BEING PERSONALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MISGOVERNMENT OF BENGAL BY EDMUND BURKE. THIS LED TO AN IMPEACHMENT PROCEEDING IN THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT THAT LASTED SEVEN YEARS.

Question 24

WHAT WAS THE MAJOR PROBLEM WITH THE JUSTICE SYSTEM INTRODUCED BY WARREN HASTINGS?

Answer 24

• BRAHMAN PANDITS GAVE DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF THE LOCAL LAWS BASED ON DIFFERENT SCHOOL OF THE DHARMASHASTRAS.

Question 25

MEASURES TAKEN TO CORRECT THE DRAWBACKS WITH THE JUSTICE SYSTEM ESTABLISHED BY THE WARREN HASTINGS?

Answer 25

1. TO BRING ABOUT UNIFORMITY, IN 1775 ELEVEN PANDITS WERE ASKED TO COMPILE A DIGEST OF HINDU LAWS.
2. NB HALHED TRANSLATED THIS DIGEST INTO ENGLISH.
3. BY 1778 A CODE OF MUSLIM LAWS WAS ALSO COMPILED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE EUROPEAN JUDGES.
4. UNDER THE REGULATING ACT OF 1773, A NEW SUPREME COURT WAS ESTABLISHED, WHILE A COURT OF APPEAL- THE SADAR NIZAMAT ADALAT- WAS ALSO SET UP AT CALCUTTA.

Question 26

WHAT IS MUSKET AND MATCHLOCK?

Answer 26

1. MUSKET- A HEAVY GUN USED BY INFANTRY SOLDIERS.
2. MATCHLOCK- AN EARLY TYPE OF GUN IN WHICH THE POWDER WAS IGNITED BY A MATCH.

Question 27

ORIGIN OF SEPOY ARMY?

Answer 27

• MUGHAL SUCCESSOR STATES LIKE AWADH AND BENARAS STARTED RECRUITING PEASANTS INTO THEIR ARMIES AND TRAINING THEM AS PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS.
• THE EAST INDIA COMPANY ADOPTED THE SAME METHOD WHEN IT BEGAN RECRUITMENT FOR ITS OWN ARMY, WHICH CAME TO BE KNOWN AS THE SEPOY ARMY (FROM THE INDIAN WORD SIPAHI, MEANING SOLDIER).

Question 28

WHY THE CAVALRY REQUIREMENTS OF THE COMPANY’S ARMY DECLINED FROM THE 1820s?

Answer 28

AS WARFARE TECHNOLOGY CHANGED FROM THE 1820s.
BRITISH EMPIRE WAS FIGHTING IN BURMA, AFGHANISTAN AND EGYPT WHERE SOLDIERS WERE ARMED WITH MUSKETS AND MATCHLOCKS.

Question 29

BY 1857 THE COMPANY CAME TO EXERCISE DIRECT RULE OVER ABOUT ____% OF THE TERRITORY AND ____% OF THE POPULATION OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT.

Answer 29

63%, 78%.

Question 30

TERM INJUNCTION AND SUBSERVIENCE MEANS?

Answer 30

1. INJUNCTION- INSTRUCTION
2. SUBSERVIENCE- SUBMISSIVENESS.