Understanding Childhood Depression Flashcards
What % of children and adolescents experience a mental disorder?
17-22%
Who has more mental disorders boys or girls?
Boys, but more WOMEN
Children who have a social phobia usually become what in the presence of stranger?
Get upset and upset and withdraw with these situations
What do children with generalised anxiety disorders tend to be like?
Self conscious and tend to worry excessively
What is separation anxiety marked by?
- Excessive anxiety
- Panic
When separated from parent
What are childhood fears caused by?
- Classically conditioned fear responses (Behaviourists)
- Excessive repression and displacement (Traditional psychoanalysts)
What are childhood fears caused by?
- Classically conditioned fear responses (Behaviourists)
- Excessive repression and displacement (Traditional psychoanalysts)
- Relationship confusion and self-fragemenation (Contemporary psychoanalysts)
- Psychological abnormalities (biologists)
What are depression symptoms for children?
Persistent crying, negative self-concept, decreased activity, social withdrawal
Are there any sex differences in childhood depression?
No, but from 11 downwards
but twice as many girls 16+
Are there any sex differences in childhood depression?
No, but from 11 downwards
but twice as many girls 16+
What does childhood depression respond best to?
Cognitive behavioural theory, social skills training and family therapy
What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder?
Children argue repeatedly with adults, lose their tempers, swear
What is Conduct disorder?
Children violate others basic rights by cruel and criminal behaviour
When do conduct disorders begin?
Before the age of 10
Who are conduct disorders exhibited by?
6 - 16% of boys
2 - 9% of girls
Who are conduct disorders exhibited by?
6 - 16% of boys
2 - 9% of girls
What are behaviour disorders attributed to?
Genetic and biological factors, antisocial traits, drug abuse, poverty
In what atmosphere does conduct disorders emerge?
- Family conflict
- Hostility
In what atmosphere does conduct disorders emerge?
- Family conflict
- Hostility
How to combat disruptive behaviour disorders?
- Community based residential programs, school-based interventions and skill training
What are the 2 types on conduct disorder?
- Life course persistent
2. Adolesence-limited
How common is life-course-persistent in boys than girls?
10 - 15x more common in boys than girls
What are the neurobiological factors on conduct disorders?
- Poor verbal skills
- Low IQ
What are the psychological factor of conduct disorders?
- Harsh and insistent partenting
- Lack of parents monitoring
- Cognitive basis
What are the psychological factor of conduct disorders?
- Harsh and insistent partenting
- Lack of parents monitoring
- Cognitive basis
What are early interventions designed to do?
- Aid parents to help their children achieve academically
- Involve long term follow up
What is ADHD?
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
What are children with ADHD like?
Attend poorly to tasks or are overactive and impulsive
What % of school children have ADHD?
3 - 5% of school children
80% of these are boys
What % of school children have ADHD?
3 - 5% of school children
80% of these are boys
What is a treatment for ADHD?
Stimulus drugs - Ritalin
What are girls with ADHD more likely to be?
- Anxious or depressed
- Exhibit neurological deficits
- Symptoms of eating disorders in adolescents
What are girls with ADHD more likely to be?
- Anxious or depressed
- Exhibit neurological deficits
- Symptoms of eating disorders in adolescents
What is the inheritability for ADHD?
70 - 80%
What can influence children getting/having ADHD?
- Low birth weight
- Maternal alcohol/tabacco use
What do stimulant medications do for children for ADHD?
- Reduce disruptive behaviour
- Improve interactions
What are some side affects for the use of stimulants to treat ADHD in children?
- Loss of appetite/weight
- Sleeping problems
What are some side affects for the use of stimulants to treat ADHD in children?
- Loss of appetite/weight
- Sleeping problems
What is psychological treatment of ADHD?
- Parental training
- Change in classroom management
- Behaviour monitoring and reinforcement of behaviour
What is Enuresis?
Involuntary urination at night
What is Diurnal?
Involuntary at night
What is Diurnal?
Involuntary at night
What is Encopresis?
Involuntary defecating
What % of children have a stutter?
1% - 75% of them boys
How is autism characterised?
- By extreme unresponsiveness to others
- Poor communication skills
How many children are affected by autism?
2 - 5 out of every 10,000
80% boys
