Mental Illness Flashcards
What is psychopathology caused by?
Organic defect
How does the biological model see mental illnesses?
Disease
What are individual differences in behaviour attributable to?
Differences in genetic makeup
What are inherited genes?
Genotype
What are observable characteristics?
Phenotype
What length of alleles does it mean you’re more likely to suffer from severe from depression from maltreatment?
Two short alleles
When was the first artificial human chromosome created?
1997
Who developed the psychoanalysis model?
Freud
What are the psychosexual stages of Freud’s psychodynamic model?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
What are the psychosexual stages of Freud’s psychodynamic model?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
What are does the behavioural model assume about abnormal behaviour?
It is learnt the same way other behaviour is learnt
What is classical conditioning?
The process of learning by temporal association
What is operant conditioning?
Process of learning through reinforcement
What is modeling?
Process of acquiring repossessing through observation and imitation
What does cognition emphasise?
Process of perceiving, recognising, judging and reasoning
What are conditions of worth?
Standards by which people judge themselves, the stands win which they just conform to be acceptable
What are conditions of worth?
Standards by which people judge themselves, the stands win which they just conform to be acceptable
What is dysfunctioning?
Causes by self-deception hiding from ones life responsibilities and choices
What does the humanistic-existential view on patients potential?
Patients as people whose special potential that has yet to be fulfilled and whose behaviour can be influenced by their innate goodness
What rate is psychological abnormality more common in the lower socioeconomic classes then in the higher?
3x
How many more women are diagnosed with anxiety and depression compared to that of men?
2x
How many more women are diagnosed with anxiety and depression compared to that of men?
2x
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency of people, when explaining the behaviour of others, generally underestimate the influence of situations and overestimate the influence of personality traits
What is the DSM-V?
Uniform manual of diagnosis, a widely accepted system for classifying psychology problems and disorders
What is the DSM-V?
Uniform manual of diagnosis, a widely accepted system for classifying psychology problems and disorders
Whats comorbidity?
A person meets the criteria for more than one disorder at a time
Which key development in the 1950s helped strengthen the biological model?
The development of effective psychotropic drugs
What is the name given to the bias whereby people judge the probability of an event by the ease at which an example comes to mind?
The availability heuristic
According to Freud, the ego operates according to
The Reality Principle
What are reciprocal gene-environemnt interactions?
Genes may predispose people to create certain environments (e.g. break ups)
What do low levels of serotonin cause?
Eatings disorders, depression, alcoholism
What do low levels of serotonin cause?
Eatings disorders, depression, alcoholism
What is the libido?
Sensual energy, that fuels: ID ego & superego
What does the ID operate in accordance with?
Pleasure Principles and uses primary process thinking
What does the ego operate in accordance with?
Reality principle and uses secondary process thinking
What does the ego develop to control unacceptable ID impulses to avoid or reduce anxiety
Defence mechanisms
What has the psychodynamic model helped us understand?
That abnormal functioning may be rooter in the same processes that underlie normal functioning
