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Psych - multiple choice > Sadness > Flashcards

Sadness Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main types of affective or mood disorders?

A
  • Unipolar depression

- Bipolar depression

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2
Q

What % of people will experience a severe depressive episode?

A

15%

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3
Q

What rate of women will experience a severe depressive episode compared to that of men?

A

Twice as many as women

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4
Q

Thats the recovery and reoccurrence rate?

A

2/3

6 months

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5
Q

What are symptoms of unipolar depression?

A

Intense sadness, dejection, empty, loss of motivation, self blame, feeling of hopelessness

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6
Q

What % of unipolar depressed people commit suicide?

A

7 - 15%

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7
Q

What % of unipolar depressed people commit suicide?

A

7 - 15%

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8
Q

How long does a major depressive episode last?

A

2 weeks

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9
Q

What is SAD?

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder - depressed in winter

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10
Q

What is Catatonic?

A

Motor immobility/excessive motor activity

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11
Q

What is Catatonic?

A

Motor immobility/excessive motor activity

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12
Q

When does postpartum depression occur?

A

4 weeks of giving birth

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13
Q

What is Melancholic?

A

When a person is totally unaffected by pleasurable events, suffered significant motor disturbances, experiences loss of sleep and appetite and feels excessive guilt

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14
Q

What is Dysthymia?

A

Fewer than 5 symptoms for at least 2 years

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15
Q

What is the recovery rate from Dysthymia?

A

40%

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16
Q

What does Beck’s cognitive view suggest about what lies at the heart o unipolar depression?

A

Maladaptive attitudes, errors in thinking automatic thoughts

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17
Q

What does the cognitive triad consist of?

A

A negative interoperation of one’s experiences oneself and ones future

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18
Q

Where does Beck’s cognitive model believe that all of the emotional, motivation and behavioural aspects of depression follow?

A

Cognitive processes

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19
Q

What % of people that have close relatives who are depressed, become depressed themselves?

A

20%

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20
Q

What are the chances of someone in the general public being depressed?

A

5%

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21
Q

What is the % change of a monozygotic twin being depressed if the other one is?

A

43%

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22
Q

What is the % of change of a dizygotic twin being depressed if the other one is?

A

20%

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23
Q

When were amphetamines prescribed to treat depression?

A

1950s

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24
Q

What is now used to treat depression?

A

MAO inhibitors, which prevents the destruction of norepinephrine/serotonin

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25
Q

What is now used to treat depression?

A

MAO inhibitors, which prevents the destruction of norepinephrine/serotonin

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26
Q

What do MAO inhibitors block?

A

MAO production in the liver & intestine, so patients have to restrict their consumption of certain foods

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27
Q

What do MAO inhibitors block?

A

MAO production in the liver & intestine, so patients have to restrict their consumption of certain foods

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28
Q

What is the % chance of a relapse to depression within 6 - 12 months?

A

40 - 50%

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29
Q

What is the % change of a relapse to depression if drugs are take for several moths after the depressive symptoms disappear?

A

20%

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30
Q

What is the % change of a relapse to depression if drugs are take for several moths after the depressive symptoms disappear?

A

20%

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31
Q

What are some side `affects of tricyclics?

A

Dry mouth, dizziness and blurred vision

32
Q

MAO initiators are most affective for patients with what tendencies?

A

Overeating, oversleeping, intense anxiety

33
Q

Tricyclics are most effective with?

A

Slowing of movement, loss of appetite and insomnia

34
Q

Whats the most effective anti-depression dug?

A

ECT, but relapse level high if not followed with medication

35
Q

What is ECT reserved for?

A

Only the most severe depression

36
Q

What is ECT reserved for?

A

Only the most severe depression

37
Q

How can unipolar depression be treated asides drugs?

A
  • Cognitive, interpersonal, behavioural and biological approaches
38
Q

What are the most effective non-drug therapies for depression?

A
  • Cognitive
  • Interpersonal
  • Biological
    All of these eliminate depressive symptoms in 50-60% patients after 16 weeks
39
Q

What is bipolar characterised by?

A

Exaggerated feelings of joy and well-being, immoderate activity, and expansive emotions but also irritability, anger and annoyance

40
Q

What do manic persons display?

A

Poor judgement, planning, grandiose self-esteem, very little sleep, yet wide awake and energetic

41
Q

What do manic persons display?

A

Poor judgement, planning, grandiose self-esteem, very little sleep, yet wide awake and energetic

42
Q

What is the definition of a manic episode?

A

A manic episode is abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood accompanied by at least three other symptoms for at least one week

43
Q

What is a hypomanic episode?

A

Less severe, is of a shorter duration and it displays fewer symptoms than a manic episode

44
Q

What is bipolar I?

A

Depressive and manic episodes usually alternate but some people experience mixed episodes of both manic and depressive semitone in the same day

45
Q

What is bipolar II?

A

Where hypomanic episodes alternate with major depressive episodes

46
Q

What is rapid cycling classified as?

A

When a patient experience the four of more episodes of mood disturbances within a year

47
Q

Which is more common bipolar I or II?

A

Bipolar I

48
Q

Which is more common bipolar I or II?

A

Bipolar I

49
Q

What is the psychodynamic view on the bipolar disorder?

A

The depressed reactions r introjected of a loss object and manic reactions flow from the denial of the loss of a loved one

50
Q

Mania is associated with a low level of?

A

Serotonin

51
Q

What is a “Permissive theory”?

A

Suggests that low serotonin activity sets the stage for a mood disorder and norepinephrine activity defines the particular form it takes

52
Q

What % do close relative of a person with a bipolar disorder have a chance of developing them same disorder

A

25%

53
Q

What is the % of a identical twin getting bipolar if the other twin has it?

A

70%

54
Q

What is the % of a non-identical twin getting bipolar if the other one has it?

A

20%

55
Q

What is the % of a non-identical twin getting bipolar if the other one has it?

A

20%

56
Q

What is bipolar said to be linked to?

A

red-green colour blindness

57
Q

Is suicide a DSM-V mental disorder?

A

No

58
Q

What is suicide?

A

Intentional, direct and conscious effort to end one’s life

59
Q

What types of jobs are likely to lead to suicide?

A

Psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, dentists, lawyers and unskilled labourers

60
Q

What % of suicided are legally intoxicated before their time of death?

A

20%

61
Q

Who commits suicide more? Males or females?

A

Males commit 3x more than females

62
Q

What age is the most common to commit suicide?

A

Older white men, though younger people are increasing

63
Q

How many suiciders have previously attempted?

A

18-38%

64
Q

Is suicide in children common?

A

No, relatively rare

65
Q

What % of children that live with one parent have made a previous attempt at suicide?

A

25%

66
Q

What % of children that live with one parent have made a previous attempt at suicide?

A

25%

67
Q

What % of adolescents that do not succeed in killing themselves try again?

A

40%

14% succeed

68
Q

What % of adolescence know someone that has attempted suicide?

A

93%

69
Q

A major depressive episode is often characterized by “anhedonia.” This means that the individual:

A

Gets no pleasure from life

70
Q

How does Prozac work?

A

By blocking serotonin reuptake

71
Q

How does Prozac work?

A

By blocking serotonin re-uptake

72
Q

How does Prozac work?

A

By blocking serotonin re-uptake

73
Q

You’re more likely to become depressed if your stressors multiply and if..

A

..you’re isolated

74
Q

How many people report a negative event prior to the onset of unipolar?

A

30%

75
Q

What is thought causes unipolar?

A

Deficiency of either norepinephrine or serotonin, or both

76
Q

What are MAO inhibitors used for?

A

To prevent the destruction of norepinephrine/serotonin

77
Q

Tricyclic is effective with what .. and is used more than what..

A

Effective with unipolar patterns and are more commonly used than MAO inhibitors

Psych - multiple choice (8 decks)

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