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Psych - multiple choice > Substance Related Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the physical part of the addiction process?

A
  • Tolerance, the bodies decreased response to repeated taking of a drug
  • Withdrawal when prolonged use of substance has altered the body to such an extent that it is affected when the substance is not taken
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2
Q

How is substance abuse characterised?

A
  • Failure to fulfil major obligations (e.g. work)
  • Exposure to physical dangers (e.g. drunk driving)
  • Legal problems brought on by drug use
  • Persistent social or interpersonal problems (e.g. arguments)
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3
Q

How many out of the 7 characteristics do people need to fulfil to be substance dependant?

A

3

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4
Q

How many under 16’s taken drugs in last year?

A

21%

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5
Q

How many under 16’s taken drugs in last month?

A

12%

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6
Q

% of 11 year olds using drugs in the last year?

A

8%

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7
Q

% of 15 year olds using drugs in the last year?

A

38%

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8
Q

What is the most frequently reported illicit drug use?

A

Cannabis

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9
Q

What % of under 25 year olds in the last year used heroin and cocaine?

A

1%

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10
Q

What is alcohol classified as?

A

Sedative hypnotic agent

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11
Q

What does alcohol do?

A

Exercises a temporary and nonspecific depressant effect

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12
Q

Prevalence of alcoholism in males?

A

20%

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13
Q

Prevalence of alcoholism in females?

A

8%

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14
Q

What are some withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?

A

Anxiety, depression, weakness, inability to slep

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15
Q

What is the most common poly-drug of alcohol?

A

Smoking

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16
Q

What are some short-term actions of alcohol?

A

It is absorbed from stomach into the blood & acts in the brain:
- Stimulates GABA receptors, increases dopamine/serotonin levels, inhibits glutamate receptors

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17
Q

What are some long-term effects of alcohol?

A

Alcoholics reduce their food intake
- It impairs food digestion
- Vitamin deficiency
Can lead to: brain damage, loss of brain less, surprising of the immune system

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18
Q

What is the addicting agent of tobacco?

A

Nicotine

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19
Q

What is nicotine classified as?

A

Stimulant-euphoriant

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20
Q

What are some withdrawal symptoms of nicotine?

A

Irritability, loss of concentration, decreased metabolic rate, cravings

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21
Q

What % of smokers lit up within five minutes of waking?

A

17%

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22
Q

What is the highest proportion of smokers that want to give up?

A

Less than 20 a day

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23
Q

What are the highest reason for wanting to quit smoking?

A

Health concerns 86%

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24
Q

What was the second highest reason for wanting to quit smoking?

A

Cost 27%

25
Q

What was the 3rd highest reason for wanting to quit smoking

A

Family pressure 20%

26
Q

What was the 4th highest reason for wanted to quit smoking?

A

Effect on children 15%

27
Q

Who smokes more, married or singles?

A

Married (18%)

Singles (28%)

28
Q

Who smokes more professionals or manual workers?

A

Professionals (15%)

Manual (26%)

29
Q

What age group is smoking highest in?

A

20-24 (31%)

30
Q

What age group is smoking lowest in?

A

60+ (12%)

31
Q

How does cannabis work?

A

Usually smoked, quickly absorbed into the lungs and the THC is transported to the brain

32
Q

What are some short-term effects of cannabis use?

A

Memory loss, compromised lung structure & function

33
Q

What are some unwanted effects of cannabis?

A

A-motivational syndrome

34
Q

What are some long-term effects of cannabis use?

A

Unpleasant mood, can’t derive pleasure from activities

35
Q

What are the medical implications of Cannabis?

A
  • Reduces nausea and loss of appetite
  • Can reduce pain signalling
  • Can reduce discomfort of AIDS
36
Q

What % of cannabis users don’t go on to use harder substance drugs?

A

40%

37
Q

What is the network theory of cannabis?

A

Cannabis is part of the picture, but only one of many contributing factors to involvement in harmful substance abuse

38
Q

What are some natural Opioids?

A

Opium, morphine, heroin

39
Q

What do Opiods do?

A

Produce a profound, generalised & abiding sedative, anaesthetic & euphoriant effect

40
Q

What do both synthetic & natural opiates have in common?

A

Bind od opiate receptors in the brain and block experience of emotional and physical pain

41
Q

When may withdrawal symptoms from opioids begin?

A

6 - 8 hours after last injection

42
Q

What do sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics do?

A

Produce a temporary & nonspecific depressant

43
Q

What kind of withdrawal symptoms can sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics produce?

A

As its such a powerful drug, it can cause death

44
Q

Whats an example of a stimulant?

A

‘uppers’, e.g. cocaine

45
Q

What do stimulants do?

A

They act on the brain & sympathy nervous system to increase alertness & motor activity

46
Q

What do amphetamines & cocaine do?

A

Increase the release & block the repute of norepinephrine & dopamine

47
Q

How are stimulants taken?

A

Orally or intravenously

48
Q

What can an overdose in stimulants cause?

A

Chills, nausea, paranoid breakdown, heart attack, death

49
Q

What is an ephedrine a variant of?

A

Amphetamine

50
Q

What does ephedrine do?

A

Induces an alertness and reduces appetite

51
Q

What is a natural example of a hallucinogen?

A

Peyote

52
Q

What is a synthetic example of a hallucinogen?

A

LSD, ecstacy

53
Q

Is physical dependance an issue for hallucinogens?

A

No - virtually not an issue except for ecstasy

54
Q

What are some side effects of LSD?

A
  • Synethesia: Blending of sensory information
  • Rapid mood shifts
  • Effects depend on set and setting
55
Q

What effect does MDMA have on a person?

A

Increases release of serotonin (involved in managing mood & body temperature - death is often a result of the body overheating & the blood coagulating

56
Q

What are some long-term dangers of MDMA?

A

Irreversible serotonin depletion, memory problems?

57
Q

What are some socio-cultural in relation to substance abuse?

A
  • Media
  • Social milieu
  • Ready availability of the substance
  • Cultural attitudes & patterns of drinking
  • Media
58
Q

What are some psychological variables on substance disorders?

A
  • Mood alteration
  • Tension reduction hypothesis
  • Expectancy theory

Psych - multiple choice (8 decks)

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