Personality Disorders Flashcards
What were the 2 main empirical approaches to measuring personality in the 1950s/1960s?
- Measuring personality traits: viewed personality as a series of states which were not necessarily consistent over time
- Psychoanalytically informed tradition: Saw personality based on early experience
Out of 2000 adults how many were said to have a personality disorder?
25
Who has a higher personality disorder rate, men or women?
Women, 54/1,000
Men, 34/1,000
Where do there have to be patterns in at least 2 areas to have a personality disorders
- Cognition
- Emotion
- Relationships
- Impulse control
What is the 5-factor model of personality?
Neuroticism, extraversion/introversion, openness to experience, agreeableness/antagonism, and conscientiousness
What does the dimensional approach involve personality do?
- It involves rating each individual on the five factors
What is high extraversion personalities linked to?
Narcissistic disorder
What are low extraversion personalities linked to?
Linked to disorders that involve social isolation, such as schizoid, schizotypal, and avoidant personality disorders
What are features of paranoid personality disorders?
- Shun close relationships; trust issues
- Excessive trust in the own ideas and abilities
- Expect to be hurt
What is a paranoid personality an extension of?
antisocial, narcissistic, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, usually emerging when person is under extreme stress
How do therapists go about dealing with paranoid people?
They agree that the world is a threatening place in certain times & ways, but help to distinguish real threats from perceived ones
What is a schizoid personality disorder?
- Do not yearn for close ties with anyone, and avoid social contact because they prefer to be alone
- No interest in sex or marriage
How are schizoid personalities influenced?
- Biologically: dopamine
- Early childhood trauma: abuse, neglect
What is a schizotypal disorder?
Milder than schizophrenia
- Belief that others are watching, talking about them
- Talk to themselves, speak vaguely, ramble
What are the influences for a schizotypal personality disorder?
- Dopamine
- Abuse
What is a histrionic personality disorder?
- Lives in a dramatic emotionally contact pursuit of attention
- Elaborates on small events
What are people with a histrionic personality disorder constantly in need of?
Praise and reassurance, look for authority figures to solve with problems
What are a histrionic personality disorders persons views on themselves?
General feelings of unattractive of lack of intelligence
What are histrionic personality sufferers encouraged to do in therapy?
Express their feelings, opinions and preferences without fear of rejection and are taught assertiveness
What is borderline personality disorder?
Sufferers are painfully uncertain of themselves, image, sexual orientation, life goals & values
What are borderline personality sufferers prone to?
- Depression & anxiety and impulsive behaviour
What influences are there to develop borderline personality disorder?
- Family dysfunction
- Parental neglect
- Physical and emotional trauma
What is the bed type of therapy for those suffering with borderline personality disorder?
Establish predictable boundaries.
Therapist needs to take active & supportive role; and help sufferer recognise destructive, maladaptive aspects of behaviour and uncover the underlying needs and motives
What is the narcissistic personality disorder?
Pervasive fantasies of success, beauty, or remarkable talent with extreme self-focus
How do sufferers with narcissistic personality disorders actually feel?
Worthless, wounded
What % of narcissistic personality disorder sufferer regularly check their reflection in store mirrors?
22%
What % of people with narcissistic personality disorders steal glances of themselves occasionally in shop windows?
6%
What % of narcissistic personality disorder sufferers never check their reflection in store mirrors?
9%
What is narcissistic injury?
When the person is temporarily overwhelmed by personal failure or through rejection but abates relatively rapidly
What is anti-social personality disorder?
- Life long history of misconduct
- No steady job, indifference to others, self focused and aggressive
What is the likelihood of men having anti-social personality disorder over women?
5 x more likely
What are some influences on developing anti-social personality disorder?
- Parental hostility
- Severe socioeconomic hardship
- Parental or societal abuse
What is an obsessive-complusive personality disorder?
- They must do everything right
- Need to meet such high standards that tasks remain unfinished because they cannot be good enough
What are some influences of obsessive-complusive personality disorder?
- One parent unlike at expressing love and affection
- Taking on responsibility too quickly due to a dysfunctional family
- Serotonin
What kind of treatments are there for people with obsessive-complusive personality disorder?
Social skills training, relaxation training, encouraging risk training, cognitive techniques to gain flexibility
What is avoidant personality disorder?
They’re so fearful of rejection that they do not give anyone an opportunity to reject them, or accept them
What is the treatment for avoidant personality disorder?
Drugs can be used, desensitisation to rejection, assertiveness training, social skills training, and cognitive therapy
What is a dependent personality disorder?
- Rely on others to make small decisions
- Can’t do projects alone
- Needy of praise
What % of women would rather give up sex for a whole year than their phone for a weekend?
30%
What % of women would rather loose their engagement ring over their phone?
50%
What are some problems with personality disorders diagnosis?
- Huge overlap, therefore low reliability
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