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Psychological Approaches To Therapy > Understanding And Treating Mental Health Problems > Flashcards

Understanding And Treating Mental Health Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology

A

The origin or cause of a disorder

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2
Q

Prehistorical understandings of mental health

A

Possession by evil spirits and demons

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3
Q

Prehistorical mental health “treatments”

A

Trephination, exorcism

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4
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of modern western medicine who developed the concept of the 4 humors

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5
Q

Hippocrates thought that mental health disorders were

A

Like any other disease of the body; brain pathology, head trauma, genetics

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6
Q

Galen

A

Hippocratic-Galenic Approach; humoral theory of disorders

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7
Q

Sanguine

A

Cheerful, optimistic, insomnia, delirium

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8
Q

Phlegmatic

A

Sluggish, apathetic, calm

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9
Q

Choleric

A

Hot tempered

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10
Q

Melancholic

A

Depressed

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11
Q

Choleric is associated with

A

Yellow bile

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12
Q

Melancholic is associated with

A

Black bile

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13
Q

Phlegmatic is associated with

A

Phlegm

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14
Q

Sanguine is associated with

A

Blood

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15
Q

Yellow bile is associated with

A

Liver

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16
Q

Black bile is associated with

A

Spleen

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17
Q

Phlegm is associated with

A

Brain

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18
Q

Blood is associated with

A

Heart

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19
Q

Top left corner of humoral theory of disorders

A

Hot

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20
Q

Top right corner

A

Wet

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21
Q

Bottom left corner

A

Dry

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22
Q

Bottom right corner

A

Cold

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23
Q

Humoral theory of disorders treatment

A

Regulate environment to restore balance; change in diet; bloodletting; immersion in cold water

24
Q

Middle Ages continued early ideas such as humors, and they

A

Recognized the role of environmental factors

25
Q

Middle Ages treatment for mental health

A

Bleeding, purging, whipping

26
Q

Influence of the church in the Middle Ages

A

Madness as a moral failing, seen as evidence of witchcraft or possession by the devil

27
Q

Church treatments of mental health issues in the Middle Ages

A

Exorcism, fasting, prayer

28
Q

First asylums house

A

The mentally ill during the Middle Ages

29
Q

Humanism

A

Worldview emphasizing human welfare originated from the Renaissance

30
Q

Rise of humanism was caused by the

A

Decline of supernatural explanations for mental illness

31
Q

Asylums had _____ and ____ conditions

A

Very harsh, inhumane

32
Q

Pinel

A

Unchained inmates and advocated moral guidance and humane techniques based on individual needs

33
Q

William Tuke

A

Established the York retreat in England and created the County Asylums Act of 1845

34
Q

William Tuke

A

Established the York retreat in UK

35
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Mental Hygiene Movement that reforming asylums and improving conditions

36
Q

Richard von Kraft Ebing

A

Link between General paresis and syphilis

37
Q

Emil Kraepelin

A

Importance of brain pathology in mental health disorder, developed the system for classifying symptoms to discrete disorders or syndromes, and measured effects of drugs on disordered behavior

38
Q

According to the medical model, behavior is affected by changes in

A

Brain/nervous system

39
Q

Mental health problems viewed in same way as

A

Physical illness

40
Q

The medical model created the dichotomy between ____ and _____ states

A

Normal and disordered

41
Q

The medical model theory created the implications that _____ factors are primary in development of disorder

A

Biological

42
Q

The medical model created the implication that the diagnosis is treated and not the

A

Individual

43
Q

Role of therapy in the medical model

A

Psychological problems result from physical problems -> change physical state

44
Q

Medical model therapies

A

Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery

45
Q

Why do we classify mental health problems

A

Same diagnosis, treatment, and research internationally

46
Q

Issues with diagnosis and classification

A

Reliability and consistency of judgement because the boundaries between disorders can be unclear

47
Q

Cross cultural inconsistencies

A

Issue with diagnosis and classification where the ethnicity of diagnosing physician influences diagnosis

48
Q

What is considered normal in one society

A

Might not be in another

49
Q

Culturally bound syndromes

A

Conditions that are specific to a certain place/culture/group

50
Q

25 culturally bound syndromes are listed in the DSM 4 but the DSM 5 considers culture related diagnostician issues for each condition and listing 9

A

Cultural concepts of distress

51
Q

Benefits of receiving a diagnosis

A

Able to understand what’s going on, guides decisions for treatment plan, facilitates access to service and support

52
Q

Downsides to receiving a diagnosis

A

Labeling, stigma, and self fulfilling prophecy

53
Q

Dimensional approach

A

Mental health disorders exist on a spectrum

54
Q

An alternative to the medical model must make no dichotomy between _____ and ____ states

A

Normal and disordered

55
Q

An alternative to the medical model must consider _____ and _____ factors

A

Social and psychological

56
Q

An alternative to the medical model must make the ____ the focus of the treatment

A

Individual

57
Q

An alternative to the medical model must consider _______ interventions as primary treatment

A

Non pharmacological

Psychological Approaches To Therapy (5 decks)

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