cognitive behavioral approaches Flashcards
behavioral principles can be applied
to clinical problems
symptoms are
learned patterns of behavior
three generations of behavioral therapy
traditional/radical behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, third wave behavioral therapy
classic conditioning involves
instincts and reflexes
instincts and reflexes
inevitable responses of organism to internal/external stimuli
old psychology is ____ and ___ while new psychology is ____ and ____
subjective and introspective; objective and behaviorism
John B Watson had more of an emphasis on ____ behaviors than ____ processes
external; internal
while some stimuli and responses are unconditioned, many are ___
conditioned
conditioning emotion; before conditioning
loud noise -> fear -> rat -> no fear
conditioning emotion; during condition
loud noise + rat -> fear
conditioning emotion; after conditioning
rat -> fear
BF Skinner believed that
the consequences of our behavior are important for learning
operant conditioning
probability of behavior depends on consequence of previous behaviors
reinforcement increases likelihood
of a behavior
positive reinforcement
something pleasant occurs
negative reinforcement
something aversive avoided
reinforcement helps explain the
maintenance of phobias
avoidance learning
avoidance of the CS leads to prevention of fear and anxiety, which leads to negative reinforcement
obsessive compulsive disorder
in a fearful situation, a particular coincidentally behavior occurs, but when threat subsides and behavior linked to fear reduction
Albert Bandura
social learning and social cognitive therapy, people who observed others handling snakes are less avoidant than those who had just used systemic desensitization
goals of social learning and social cognitive therapy
change observable and current behaviors, symptoms are target of treatment, goals need to be specific and measurable
characteristics of social learning and social cognitive therapy
time limited service (up to 20 weeks) and less intensive than psychoanalysis, clients are actively involved from the outset
stages of therapy
behavioral assessment, treatment, assessment
behavioral assessment
look for antecedents, behaviors, and consequences
treatment
choose goals of therapy, and a method of treatment with empirical support
assessment
continuous check of progress on meeting goals and treatment effectiveness
intervention can be separated into
classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory
classical conditioning
systemic desensitization, exposure therapy, aversion therapy
operant conditioning
reinforcement interventions
social learning theory
modeling
Systemic desensitization in therapy
relaxation training, constructing a hierarchy, gradual exposure using relaxation techniques
classical conditioning
unlearning the association
reciprocal inhibition
one response inhibits another
graded exposure
real life contact with fear, can be self managed or with therapist, goes through a hierarchal structure
flooding
direct or imaginal, intense and prolonged exposure, requires high client motivation, stressful for patient and therapist
modeling
learning behavior through others, therapist can model appropriate behaviors to help reduce anxiety
aversion therapy
simultaneous pairing of target stimulus with aversive stimulus
reinforcement interventions and token economies
use positive reinforcement to increase the frequency of desire behavior and reduce undesired behavior, involves giving out stickers in school
behavioral therapy places an emphasis on ____ and is helpful with _____
research into techniques and assessment of outcomes; OCD and anxiety
behavioral therapy is less useful in
understanding some other disorders, such as depression
