cognitive behavioral approaches 3 Flashcards
Aaron Beck
developed important tests used throughout Clinical Psychology, including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
basic principles of cognitive therapy
fundamental beliefs & assumptions about self others and goals, develop early in life through experiences, can be adaptive or maladaptive, selection and perception of incoming info
information processing is
critical for survival
how we feel and behave is based on
how we perceive and structure our experiences
what contributes to potential for psychological distress
evolutionary, biological, environmental, and developmental factors
because of our schemas,
we all have a set of unique cognitive vulnerabilities which predispose us to distress
psychological disorder
dysfunctional schema leads to systemic bias in info processing
arbitrary inference
drawing conclusions without evidence
dichotomous thinking
evaluating experiences as extremes
magnification/minimization
evaluating events as far more or less important than they are
selective abstraction
drawing conclusions based on only a selection of evidence
personalization
evaluating events as related to the self
over generalization
drawing conclusions from a single event
automatic thoughts
involuntary, recurring words or images that occur rapidly the edge of awareness
automatic thoughts are similar to
Freud’s preconscious and Ellis’s self talk
Automatic thoughts reflect
schema content
within psychological disorders, negative automatic thoughts
generally plausible, but unrealistic, can become frequent and severe
cognitive model of depression
systemic bias toward negative info in future, self, and world
goals of therapy
correct faulty info processing, treat beliefs and automatic thoughts, learn to become own therapist
therapy process
in depth initial session and cognitive analysis, drawing up problem lists
cognitive interventions
elicit and identify NATS, reality test and correct NATS, identify and alter beliefs
elicit and identify negative automatic thoughts
providing reasons, encourage engagement, self monitoring
reality test and correct negative automatic thoughts
socratic dialogues, decatastrophizing and decentering, forming adaptive responses
identify and alter beliefs
socratic dialogues, hypothesis testing, re fashioning beliefs
behavioral interventions purpose
lay foundation for cognitive interventions, assist in reality testing and engaging in activities
behavioral interventions
rating mastery/pleasure, hypothesis-testing, rehearsing behavior, assigning graded tasks
third wave approaches
complement and extend CBT, more holistic less symptom focused, context and relationship with thoughts
DBT
dialectical behavior therapy
dialectical
two opposite things can be true
DBT is designed for treating
BPD, depression, preventing self harm and suicide, and eating disorders
DBT is based on CBT but adapted for people
who feel emotions very intensely
DBT has a focus on self acceptance
is about learning to understand, accept, and regulate strong emotions and improving interpersonal relationships
MBCT
mindfulness based cognitive therapy
MBCT uses mindfulness techniques
alongside CBT
With MBCT, mindfulness can help us learn to observe and recognize our thoughts without reacting to them,
which can help identify thoughts to challenged and change with CBT techniques
ACT
acceptance and commitment therapy
acceptance and commitment therapy
learning to accept and live with our thoughts and feelings rather than fighting or changing them, focus on learning our individual values and then setting goals that align with these values
ACT is used for
managing physical and mental health issues (chronic pain, health behavior change)
Does CBT work
according to systematic review, yes
