uncontrolled cell division and cancer

Question 1

a change in a gene

Answer 1

mutation

Question 2

cancers arrise from

Answer 2

uncontrolled mitosis

cancerous cells divide uncontrollably forming a tumour

Question 3

cancers start when

Answer 3

changes occur in the genes that control cell division

Question 4

mutated gene name

Answer 4

oncogene

Question 5

mutations common?

Answer 5

yes , mostly dont lead to cancer

most lead to earlty cell death which has no harmful effect as most cells can be easily replaced

Question 6

mutations of cancer cells do not result in early cell death.

Answer 6

harmful mutation can be pased on to all that cells decendants

Question 7

tumours that dont cause cancer

Answer 7

benign

Question 8

benign tumours

Answer 8

slow growth
do not spread
regular shape
eg. warts

Question 9

cancerous tumours

Answer 9

malignant

Question 10

malignant tumours

Answer 10

interfere with normal function of the organ/ tissue in which they have started to grow

can break off tumour and travel in blood / lymphatic system to drow in other parts of the body

known as metastasis

Question 11

why is metastasis dangerous

Answer 11

difficult to locate, detect and remove secondary cancers

Question 12

how do most cancer treatments work

Answer 12

controlling the rate of mitosis

Question 13

3 cancer treatments

Answer 13

surgery - removal of the tumour

radiotherapy - radiation damages dna and cause apostosis

Chemotherapy - drugs are used to kill cancerous cells preventing them from dividing

Question 14

binary fission

Answer 14

division for prokaryotes

Question 15

process of binaary fission

Answer 15

circular DNA goes under DNA replication

any plasmids present undergo DNA replication

Parent cell divides into 2 , cytoplasm roughly halved between the two daughter cells

2 daughter cells each contain a single copy of the circular DAN molecule

Question 16

GEnetically identical in binary fission

Answer 16

YES

Question 17

mechanism to ensure daughter cells have same circular DNA

Answer 17

die if they do not get this

Question 18

virus structure

Answer 18

RNA/DNA genome
protein capsid coat
protein molecules(t)
some have outer layer envelope

Question 19

viral replication

Answer 19

nucleic acid injected into a host cell

first a virus uses attatchment proteins to bind to complementary proteins on cell

virus the injects its DNA/RNA into host cell

host cell then makes more viral particles in ribosomes

new viral particles released-
burst open
budding

Damages host cells causing disease