UMNs and Movement

Question 1

Four Main indirect pathways

Answer 1

cortico-colliculo-spinal (tectospinal)
Cortico-Rubro-spinal
Cortico-Reticulo-Spinal
Cortico-Vestibulo-Spinal

Question 2

Direct pathways

Answer 2

Lateral Cortico-spinal= distal limbs

Medial cortico-spinal= axial limbs

Question 3

Cortico-coliculo-spinal

Answer 3

Body orientation

Question 4

Cortico-Rubro-spinal

Answer 4

Distal control- arm flexion

Question 5

Cortico-Reticulo-spinal

Answer 5

CPG- central pattern generators

Question 6

Cortico-Vestibulo-spinal

Answer 6

antigravity muscles

Question 7

Definition of cortical motor area

Answer 7

-Must project to motor neurons in spinal cord
Must project to M1
Must contain Betz cells or large layer V projection neurons
Stimulated at low thresholds
Displays changes in activity

Question 8

Lateral corticospinal tract lesion

Answer 8

Fine dexterity

• branching above and below site of injury spared
• some function is returned after training

Question 9

What is well-represented in the activity from the primary motor cortex

Answer 9

Muscles and direction of movement

Question 10

Primary motor M1

Answer 10

execution of simple movements

Question 11

lateral premotor (PMd, PMv)

Answer 11

selection of motor responses based on externally-cued (sensory) inputs

Question 12

Medial Premotor (SMA, CMA)

Answer 12

Executing learned sequences

internally cued movements

Question 13

Pre-SMA

Answer 13

Learning of sequences

Question 14

Prefrontal

Answer 14

Decision for action and working memory

monitoring outcomes