Autonomic NS

Question 1

PNS in heart

Answer 1

Decrease HR- Negative chronotropic effect

Slows conduction speed- Negative dromotropic effect

Question 2

SNS in Heart

Answer 2

Increased HR- positive chronotropic effect
Increase conduction speed- Positive dromotropic effect
increase force contraction- positive ionotropic effect

Question 3

SNS pre and post gang

Answer 3

Pre- short

Post- long

Question 4

PNS pre and post gang

Answer 4

Pre- long

Post- short

Question 5

Preganglionic axons

Answer 5

Small diameter
slow conducting
Myelinated B-fibers

Question 6

Postganglionic axons

Answer 6

Smaller diameter
Slower conducting
Unmyelinated C-fibers

Question 7

N1 nicotinic Ach receptors

Answer 7

Agonists- Ach

Antagonists- d-tubocurarine

Question 8

N2 nicotinic Ach receptors

Answer 8

Agonists- Ach

antagonists- hexa-methonium

Question 9

M1/M3/M5 muscarinic Ach receptors

Answer 9

Agonists- Ach
Antagonists- Atropine
G-protein- G-alphaQ
Linked enzyme-PLC
Second messenger- IP3 and DAG

Question 10

M2/M4 muscarinic Ach receptors

Answer 10

Agonist- ACH
antagonists- Atropine
G-protein- G-alphaI and G-alphaO
Linked enzyme- adenylyl cyclase
second messenger- decreasing cAMP

Question 11

alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 11

Agonists- NE>EPI
Antagonists- phentolamine
g-protein- g-alphaQ
Linked enzyme- PLC
second messenger- IP3 and DAG

Question 12

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 12

Agonists- NE>Epi
antagonists- yohimbine
g-protien- alphaI
Linked enzyme- adenylyl cyclase
second messenger- decrease cAMP

Question 13

B1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 13

Agonist-Epi>NE
antagonist- Propranolol/metoprolol
G-protein- alphaS
linked enzyme- adenylyl cyclase
second messenger- increase cAMP

Question 14

B2 adrenergic receptores

Answer 14

Agonist- Epi> NE
antagonist- butoxamine
G-protien- alphaS
linked enzyme- adenyly cyclase
second messenger- increase cAMP

Question 15

B3 adrenergic receptors

Answer 15

agonist Epi> NE
antagonist- SR- 59230A
G-protein- alphaS
linked enzyme- adenyly cyclase
second messenger- increase cAMP

Question 16

Heart sympathetic

Answer 16

Sa node- increased Hr- B1
AV nodal conduction- B1
Contractility increased- B1

Question 17

Heart Parasympathetic

Answer 17

SA node- decreased HR- M
AV nodal conduction decreased- M
Contractility decreased- M

Question 18

Vascular smooth muscle sympathetic

Answer 18

Skin-splanchnic- constricts- a1
Skeletal muscle- dilates- B2
Skeletal muscle- constricts- a1
Bronchioles- dilates- B2

Question 19

Vascular smooth muscle parasympathetic

Answer 19

Endothelium- releases EDRF- M

Bronchioles- constricts- M

Question 20

GI-sympathetic

Answer 20

Smooth muscle walls- relaxes- a2/B2
Smooth muscle sphincter- contracts- a1
salvia secretion- increases- B1

Question 21

GI- parasympathetic

Answer 21

Smooth muscle walls- contracts- M
Smooth muscle sphincters- relaxes- M
Saliva secretion- increases- M
Pancreatic secretion- increases- M

Question 22

Bladder sympathetic

Answer 22

Wall- detrusor muscle- relaxes- B2

Sphincter- contracts- a1

Question 23

Bladder parasympathetic

Answer 23

Wall-detrusor muscle- contracts- M

Sphincter- relaxes- M

Question 24

Male genitalia- sympathetic

Answer 24

Ejaculation- a

Question 25

Male genitalia- parasympathetic

Answer 25

erection-M

Question 26

Eye- sympathetic

Answer 26

Radial muscle-iris- dilates- a1 | Ciliary muscle- dilates- B

Question 27

Eye-Parasympathetic

Answer 27

Circular sphincter muscle-iris- constricts- M | Ciliary muscle- contracts- M

Question 28

Skin- Sympathetic

Answer 28

Sweat glands thermoregulation- increase- M!!!! Sweat glands-stress- increase- a Pilomotor muscle (goose bumps)- contracts- a

Question 29

Phenochromocytoma

Answer 29

``` Tumor of the adrenal medulla -secretes more NE than Epi -sustained HTN Treatment -excise tumor -a1 and B1 adrenergic antagonists ```

Question 30

Horner syndrome

Answer 30

Injuries to the SNs produce deficits ipsilateral to the lesion - miosis- partial constriction of pupil - ptosis- drooping eyelid - anhidrosis- dryness of face - enopthalamus- sinking of affected eyeball

Question 31

1st order lesion of horners

Answer 31

brainstem- interrupting descending tracts | effects other pathways

Question 32

2nd order lesion of horners

Answer 32

preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies or fibers supplying eye- superior cervical ganglion

Question 33

3rd order lesion of horners

Answer 33

postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies or fibers | discrete set of symptoms

Question 34

CN III

Answer 34

Ciliary ganglion - circular muscle - ciliary muscle

Question 35

CN VII

Answer 35

Pterygopalatine ganglion -lacrimal and nasal glands Submandibular ganglion -submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 36

CN IX

Answer 36

Otic ganglion | -Parotid gland

Question 37

CN X

Answer 37

``` Heart lungs bronchial tree stomach SI/LI ```

Question 38

S2-S4

Answer 38

Bladder and male genitalia

Question 39

Edinger-westphal nucleus

Answer 39

Travel with CN III to ciliary ganglion

Question 40

Superior salivatory nucleus

Answer 40

Travel with CN VII to the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

Question 41

Interior Salivatory nucleus

Answer 41

Travel with CN IX to the otic ganglion

Question 42

Rostral portion of ambiguus nucleus

Answer 42

Distribute with CN IX

Question 43

Nucleus Ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus

Answer 43

Travel with CN X to a host of terminal ganglia in the viscera of the thorax and abdomen

Question 44

Myenteric plexus

Answer 44

controls motility - innervates smooth muscle - PNS- Ach-depol- contraction - SNS- NE- hyperpol- relaxation

Question 45

Submucosal plexus

Answer 45

Controls secretion | -innervates blood vessels

Question 46

solitary tract

Answer 46

autonomic output