Chronobiology Flashcards
Wakefulness
High freq beta waves
Drowsy
Alpha waves
Stage 1
Theta waves
stage 2
sleep spindles and K complexes
Stage 3
delta waves
Stage 4
more delta waves
REM
fast waves with sawtooth waves
- dreams occur
- EEG appear awake
- sympathetic tone dominates
6 transmitters keeping you awake
Ach glu ne hist serotonin
Ach
Released for Basal forebrain and Laterodorsal and pedunculopontine segmental nuclei
Basal forebrain
Releases Ach- during wakefulness and REM
Laterodorsal and pedunculopontine segmental nuclei
Release Ach- promotes wakefulness most robustly via projections to thalamus
NE
Released from Locus Coeruleus
Locus Coeruleus
releases NE- during wakefulness some during NREM and NON during REM -attention and task performance -overfiring causes insomnia and anxiety - has to have optimal release
Histamine
Released from tuberomammilary nucleus
Tuberomammilary nucleus
releases histamine
increased firing while awake>NREM>REM
Dopamine
Ventral periaqueductal gray
vPAG
Dopamine- fires during wakefulness
-provide motivational arousal- keeps ppl awake
Orexin/hypocretin
Excitatory neuroppeptides made in lateral hypothalamus
- wakefulness regulators
- fire only when awake
- back up generator
VLPO
off switch that uses GABA and Galanin transmitters to shut down wakefulness- fires while alseep
MNPO
fires mostly while drifting off to sleep
During REM sleep and NREM sleep
NREM- 5ht, ne, da all fire- suppress ach
REM- Ach fires and inhibits 5ht, ne, da
Sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD)
GABA neurons- firing during REM to inhibit motor tracts
